Transcript Zen and the Art of the Internet

99學年台北藝術大學「數位生活 & Web2.0」
作業(2)：文獻閱讀報告
Comparative Telecommunications
Law
Prof. Manheim
Spring, 2007
Present by:
張宜婕 29962020
郭捷立 旁聽生
by Brendan P. Kehoe
ZEN AND THE ART OF THE INTERNET
A BEGINNER'S GUIDE TO THE INTERNET,
FIRST EDITION, JANUARY 1992
Contents:

Zen and the Art of the Internet
◦ Network Basics
◦ Domains
◦ Internet Numbers
◦ Resolving Names and Numbers

Definitions(from ZDWebOpedia)
◦ Internet
◦ Circuit Switching
◦ Packet Switching
◦ TCP/IP
◦ Communications Protocol

DNS DEMYSTIFIED

Layers : Internet Architecture and the Law
◦ A. The Layers Principle
◦ B. Situating Layers Analysis
內容大綱說明

這是一篇跟Zen沒有關係的論文。
◦ 根據檢索的結果，只有第一頁的標題有”Zen”的
字。

這是一篇關於網路概論的論文
Zen and the Art of the Internet

You have at your fingertips the ability to talk in
‘‘real-time’’ with someone in any place.

Speed up the learning process drastically

The largest problem people face when first
using a network is grasping all that's available.
Domain Name（網域名稱）

Domains
◦ The end of domain name :com, edu , gov, mil , net,
org
◦ The country domain name : au: Australia, ca:
Canada, fr : France, uk :The United Kingdom
◦ The ways to apply a domain name.(Click)
◦ More references(Click)

FQDN(Fully Qualified Domain Name)是由
「主機名稱」與「網域名稱所組成」
◦ EX: techart.tnua.edu.tw.
Internet Numbers(IP)
XXX . XXX . XXX . XXX

開始的前面兩個or 三個 represent the network
that a system is on, called the subnet.

ex : 台大的ip : 140.112.XXX.XXX

IP 的管理者是 Network Information Center (NIC)

補充：有所謂的內部IP（區域網路內的）和外部IP
（世界網域）

IPv6: 2001:0db8:85a3:08d3:1319:8a2e:0370:7344
Definitions


The Internet is decentralized by design, each Internet
computer, called a host, is independent
Internet Service Provider (ISP) （網際網路服務提供者）
Definitions from
ZDWebOpedia

Circuit Switching

Packet Switching
◦ Circuit-switching systems are ideal for communications that
require data to be transmitted in real-time.
◦ Packet-switching networks are more efficient if some amount of
delay is acceptable.

Circuit-switching networks are sometimes called
connection-oriented networks
TCP/IP
 Communications Protocol

◦ rate of transmission (in baud or bps)
◦ whether transmission is to be synchronous or
asynchronous
◦ whether data is to be transmitted in halfduplex or full-duplex mode
DNS DEMYSTIFIED
(簡易介紹DNS)
Domain Naming Service (DNS), an
Internet protocol and distributed
database and database tree are root name
servers.
 Domain Name has US and Non-US
standard

EX : connect to www.lantimes.com
1.
Connect to TOP- level domains.
2.
In top-level domain server contain the record
of IP and the domain name.
3.
Go to this most specific name server supplies
the DNS server with the IP address
Three-step process

First, have your ISP inform the InterNIC that it is providing both
primary and secondary DNS services for your organization.

Second, your ISP will give you the numeric IP addresses of the
primary and secondary DNS servers, which you'll need to
configure your users' TCP/IP stacks. (do this by entering the
information manually either at the desktop or at your Dynamic
Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server.)

Finally, you need to tell your ISP about the DNS records that you
wish to publish to allow outside users to interact with your
network.
EX : Mail Exchange (MX)
Domain can have multiple MX records:
Acme.com mail.acme.com 0
Acme.com mail2.acme.com 10
Acme.com mail.isp.net 100.
1. 一步一步地進行。從0 到100 進行。
Layers : Internet Architecture
and the Law

The Content Layer—the symbols and images that are communicated.

The Application Layer—the programs that use the Internet, e.g. the Web.

The Transport Layer—TCP, which breaks the data into packets.

The Internet Protocol Layer—IP, handles the flow of data over the
network.

The Link Layer—the interface between users computers and the physical
layer.

The Physical Layer—the copper wire, optical cable, wireless devices,
routers, etc.
Laws:
The layers are organized in a vertical
hierarchy.
 1. top-down 2. bottom-up.


A.The Layers Principle

B. Situating Layers Analysis
A.The Layers Principle

First, the principle of layer separation: Internet regulation
should not violate or compromise the separation
between layers designed into the basic architecture of
the Internet.

Second, the principle of minimizing layer crossing, minimize
the distance between the layer at which the law aims to
produce an affect and the layer directly affected by legal
regulation.

作者用如何防止色情資訊（pornographic）的方式來做例子。
B. Situating Layers Analysis

The first insight can be called the code
thesis.

The second insight can be called the end-
to-end (E2E) principle(末端對末端法則).

We shall show that analysis under layers framework
uncovers certain general structural problems of a class
of Internet regulation. We then introduce and explicate
four key concepts

(1) layer separation,

(2) layer violating regulation,

(3) layer crossing regulation, and (4) the substantial
innocent use theorem.