Transcript World Geography and Cultures
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The Land
Climate and Vegetation
Chapter Menu
A study of the physical geography of South Asia will explain the contrasts between the northern and southern areas of the region and how South Asia’s large populations depend upon the seasonal monsoon rains that sometimes bring devastating consequences.
Chapter Intro 1
Section 1:
The Land
Places reflect the relationship between humans and the physical environment.
In South Asia’s varied landscapes, large numbers of people depend on the region’s physical environment, river systems, and natural resources for their livelihoods.
Chapter Intro 2
Section 2:
Vegetation Climate and
The characteristics and distribution of ecosystems help people understand environmental issues.
Seasonal winds in South Asia strongly influence temperature and rainfall, which affect what crops people grow and how people and the environment are affected by too much or too little rain.
Chapter Intro 3
Chapter Preview-End
The Land
In South Asia’s varied landscapes, large numbers of people depend on the region’s physical environment, river systems, and natural resources for their livelihoods.
Section 1-GTR
The Land
• • subcontinent alluvial plain Section 1-GTR
The Land
A.
Himalaya
B.
Khyber Pass
C.
Gangetic Plain
D.
Vindhya
E.
Satpura Range
F.
Deccan Plateau
G.
Ganges River
H.
Brahmaputra River
I.
Indus River Section 1-GTR
The Land
Which mountain range absorbs the monsoon rains and slowly releases them into the region?
A.
Eastern Ghats
B.
C.
D.
Western Ghats Himalayas Vindhya Range A. A B. B C. C
A 0% 0%
D. D
B 0% C 0% D
Section 1
Landforms
South Asia’s landforms affect where people live and influence seasonal rain patterns.
• Northern landforms: – Himalaya Mountains – Karakoram Mountains – Hindu Kush range – Khyber Pass Section 1
Landforms
(cont.)
– Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra rivers – Gangetic Plain – Chota Nagpur Plateau Section 1
Landforms
(cont.)
• Central and Southern landforms: – Eastern and Western Ghats – Deccan Plateau – Sri Lanka – Maldives
South Asia: Elevation Profile
Section 1
South Asia is separated from the rest of Asia by which of the following?
A.
Rivers
B.
Mountains
C.
Dense forests
D.
An ocean A. A B. B
A 0% B
D. D
0% D
Section 1
Water Systems
South Asia’s major river systems bring fertile soil to the floodplains, serve as transportation routes, and provide hydroelectricity.
• Three major river systems: – Ganges—most important river in South Asia – Brahmaputra – Indus Section 1
Which river is known as the “cradle of ancient India”?
A.
Ganges
B.
Brahmaputra
C.
Indus
0%
A. A B. B
0% A B C
Section 1
Natural Resources
South Asia has a variety of natural resources upon which large populations are dependent for their livelihoods.
• Rivers: – Drinking water – Alluvial soil – Transportation – Hydroelectric power – Fish Section 1
Natural Resources
(cont.)
• Mineral resources, such as iron ore and graphite • Energy sources, such as petroleum, natural gas • Timber resources, such as sandalwood and teak Section 1
Which country is the world’s largest producer of graphite?
A.
Sri Lanka
B.
Pakistan
C.
Bangladesh
D.
India
0% A
A. A B. B
B
D. D
0% D
Section 1
Section 1-End
Climate and Vegetation
Seasonal winds in South Asia strongly influence temperature and rainfall, which affect what crops people grow and how people and the environment are affected by too much or too little rain.
Section 2-GTR
Climate and Vegetation
• • monsoon cyclone • tsunami • period • triggers Section 2-GTR
Climate and Vegetation
A.
Bay of Bengal
B.
Sundarbans
C.
Thar Desert Section 2-GTR
Climate and Vegetation
Most of Asia experiences which type of climate?
A.
Tropical
B.
Highland
C.
Midlatitude
D.
Dry
A 0%
A. A B. B C. C
0% 0% B
D. D
C 0% D
Section 2
Climate Regions
Much of South Asia has tropical climates with ample rainfall and a variety of vegetation; however, the climates vary widely in the north and west, where mountain ranges block rainfall.
• Tropical regions: – Tropical wet – Tropical dry
South Asia: Vegetation
Section 2
Climate Regions
(cont.)
• Midlatitude and highland regions: – Mixed forest – Deciduous forest – Humid subtropical – Himalayan highlands • Dry regions: – Desert—Thar Desert – Steppe Section 2
Does much of South Asia lie south or north of the Tropic of Cancer?
A.
South
B.
North
A 0%
A. A B. B
0% B
Section 2
Seasonal Weather Patterns
Seasonal weather patterns bring much needed rainfall to South Asia, but monsoon winds, as well as other natural disasters, can also bring devastating hardships.
• Three distinct seasons: – Hot – Wet – Cool
Comparing Climates
Section 2
Seasonal Weather Patterns
(cont.)
• These seasons depend on seasonal winds called monsoons.
• Temperature and rainfall impact agriculture in the region.
• Factors: – Extreme heat – Monsoon winds Section 2
Seasonal Weather Patterns
(cont.)
• Natural disasters: – Flooding from monsoon rains – Cyclones – Earthquakes – Tsunamis Section 2
The monsoons are heaviest in which part of South Asia?
A.
Eastern
B.
Western
C.
Northern
D.
Southern
0% A
A. A B. B
B
D. D
0% D
Section 2
Section 2-End
A.
The Himalaya
• Created by collision of tectonic plates; extend more than 1,500 miles (2,414 km) across northern edge of South Asia • Includes Mount Everest, the world’s highest peak at 29,028 feet (8,848 m) VS 1
B.
Gangetic Plain
• World’s longest alluvial plain • Watered by the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Indus Rivers; agriculturally productive area • India’s most densely populated area VS 2
C.
Vindhya and Satpura Ranges
• Mountains in central India created by collision of tectonic plates • Separate the distinct cultures of northern and southern India VS 3
D.
Indus River
• Flows mainly through Pakistan; empties into Arabian Sea • Known as the cradle of ancient India • Remains an important transportation route VS 4
E.
Deccan Plateau
• Plateau region in southern India; located between Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats • Rich soil with wet and dry seasons VS 5
F.
Ganges River
• Flows east from the Himalaya; empties into Bay of Bengal • Drainage basin covers about 400,000 square miles (about 1 million sq. km) • Named for Hindu goddess Ganga; sacred to Hindus VS 6
G.
Brahmaputra River
• Flows through India and Bangladesh • Joins the Ganges river to form a delta; empties into Bay of Bengal • Major inland waterway; also provides hydroelectric power VS 7
H.
Monsoons
• Hot season is from late February to June • Wet season is from June or July to September • Cool season is from October to late February VS 8
VS-End
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
DFS Trans 1
DFS Trans 2
subcontinent
large landmass that is part of a continent but still distinct from it, such as India Vocab1
alluvial plain
floodplain, such as the Gangetic Plain in South Asia, on which flooding rivers have deposited rich soil Vocab2
monsoon
in Asia, seasonal wind that brings warm, moist air from the oceans in summer and cold, dry air from inland in winter Vocab3
cyclone
storm with heavy rains and high winds which blow in a circular pattern around an area of low atmospheric pressure Vocab4
tsunami
Japanese term used for a huge sea wave caused by an undersea earthquake Vocab5
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