Transcript STINKY U - Nationwide Children's Hospital

S.T.I.N.K.Y. U
Session 5:
Sensory Surprise!
© 2010 Nationwide Children’s Hospital
Pieces and Parts
You have 5 senses. They are:
Sight
Hearing
Taste
Touch
Smell
These 5 senses help you to take in information from the
world around you and make sense of it.
© 2010 Nationwide Children’s Hospital
Pieces and Parts, continued…
• Sight
– Your eyes are what allow you to see.
– Main Parts of the Eye:
• Iris: The colored part of the eye. It is partly responsible
for regulating the light that enters the eye. The iris is
sort of like a muscle. When your pupils dilate (get
bigger), like when it is darker out, you will notice that
the colored part of your eye (the iris) gets smaller, and
when your pupils constrict (get smaller), like when it is
bright, the colored part of your eye is bigger.
• Pupil: the opening in the middle of the iris through
which light passes to the back of the eye.
–
http://medicalcenter.osu.edu/patientcare/healthcare_services/eye_care/facts_about_eye_care/anatomy/
© 2010 Nationwide Children’s Hospital
Parts of the Eye continued…
Lens: the transparent structure inside the eye that focuses
the light rays onto the retina
Retina: the light-sensitive
nerve layer that lines the
back of the eye.
It senses light and
creates impulses that
are sent through the
optic nerve to the brain.
Conjunctiva: the (normally) clear cover for the sclera (the
white part) and the inside of the eyelids. It makes tears and
mucous, and of course gets pink during a Pinkeye infection
(that is, “conjunctivitis”)!
© 2010 Nationwide Children’s Hospital
Oh, say….can you see?
•
How vision works:
1. Rays of light enter our eyes through the pupil and hit the lens. (Your
iris actually controls the size of your pupil and therefore how much
light is allowed into your lens).
2. The light image is transmitted to the retina.
3. When the image hits the retina, it is actually upside down!
4. The light reaches nerves,
which carry message to the brain.
5. The brain then flips the image,
understands what the eye is trying to
tell us and sees the object that the
eye was looking at.
NOTE: By changing the intensity of
rays that fall on the eye, we can see
different colors, darkness and brightness.
© 2010 Nationwide Children’s Hospital
©2004 A. Kitoka
To see other illusions and learn more about vision, go to:
http://www.preventblindness.org/wiseabouteyes/lessons/eye/
© 2010 Nationwide Children’s Hospital
More Pieces and Parts…
•
Hearing…
–
–
Your ears are what hear!
 Parts of the
outer ear:
• Auricle: Outer ear. Directs sound to the ear drum.
Made of cartilage, they are flexible!
• Ear canal: Connecting the outer ear and the
eardrum. Tiny hairs (cilia) keep dirt & bugs out.
• Tympanic membrane or Ear drum: Part of ear that
vibrates and transmits sound.
© 2010 Nationwide Children’s Hospital
More on the Ear…
• Parts of the Inner Ear:
• Ossicles: Small bones that
transmit vibration from the ear drum.
They are the hammer, anvil and stirrup.
These are the smallest bones in your body, the size of rice!
• Cochlea: Organ in the inner ear that changes the vibrations to
nerve impulses.
•
http://webschoolsolutions.com/patts/systems/ear.htm
© 2010 Nationwide Children’s Hospital
Even More Ear…
• How do we hear?
• Sound waves (like a Slinky®) enter the ear and vibrate the ear
drum which sends the messages to the ossicles.
• Those bones transmit the vibrations to the cochlea
which has little hairs in it that vibrate and
turn the frequencies (of the vibrations) into electrical
impulses that go through your nerves.
The brain processes the impulses and we hear.
Listening to sounds too loud (volume)
can cause the hairs in your
cochlea to break, resulting in
permanent hearing loss!
© 2010 Nationwide Children’s Hospital
Telephone?
Sound waves will travel (vibrate) along a string!
Make your very own Paper Cup Phone:
Attach two clean, dry, empty cups with a 10 foot-long string.
Stand back, PULL the string TAUT (tight but not ripping it
out) and STRAIGHT (don’t bend the string!).
Take turns talking and listening
to your friend on the other end.
© 2010 Nationwide Children’s Hospital
Still More Ear!
• How we hear continued…
• Never put anything in your ear smaller than your elbow!
You can do damage to your eardrums and the other parts
of your ear.
• Remember, listening to loud noises, including music and
TV, can cause you to permanently loose your hearing, and
once it is gone, you can’t get it back, so
turn down
those headphones!
Interesting little fact:
the ear is also involved in balance.
© 2010 Nationwide Children’s Hospital
Pieces and Parts Again…
• Taste
– Your tongue is what tastes.
• The top of your tongue is made
up of little bumps called taste buds.
• Taste buds have special chemical receptors in them
that detect different tastes.
• Different taste buds pick up different tastes: sweet,
salty, sour and bitter.
Your tongue has help from your nose to
determine taste. The smell of food helps
to make the taste stronger.
No nose? You can’t taste much!
© 2010 Nationwide Children’s Hospital
Still More Pieces and Parts…
• Touch
– The nerves in your skin are mostly responsible for touch.
– Your skin (AKA the Integumentary system) is the largest organ
in your body.
– Nerves run through your skin and connect your skin to your
brain. Nerves run by chemicals and electricity!
–
Nerves pick up different sensations
like pressure, heat and pain.
Nerves take the information to the
brain and you can feel things.
– Different parts of your body have different amounts of nerves.
Your lips and fingertips have the most concentration of nerve
endings.
© 2010 Nationwide Children’s Hospital
How Close is Close Enough?
1. Close your eyes.
2. Have your partner LIGHTLY touch two pointy
ends of something (toothpicks, chopsticks, pen
caps, etc.) on your forearm about 6” apart
(one at your wrist, one at your elbow).
3. Can you feel two separate points?
4. Have your partner move them a little closer. Do
you still feel two?
5. Repeat until you can only feel one!
6. That’s how far apart your nerve endings are!
7. NOW….try it again on your finger tips.
How much closer do the points have to be?
© 2010 Nationwide Children’s Hospital
Your BRAIN senses things… and moves you!
© 2010 Nationwide Children’s Hospital
Pieces and Parts
• Smell
Your nose knows smells!
We can detect over 10,000 different smells.
Molecules enter your nose…
and are absorbed by the olfactory bulb which sends the
messages to the brain. The brain decodes them and you, well, smell!
The olfactory bulb is in the brain, so there is no extra
time to process the information. This is why certain smells
make us think of things, or feel a certain way.
No, your olfactory bulb is not an Old Factory Bulb…and it’s not an
electrical light bulb! It’s just sort-of shaped that way!
Humans have 5 million smell receptors,
…a bloodhound has 100 million! Bow-WOW!
© 2010 Nationwide Children’s Hospital
NOSE
↓Starting in this column,
check off each structure
(part) as you see it!
SCOPE
BINGO!
↓ Keep going!
↓ Everything
checked?
Say, "BINGO!"
Swallowing (Motion)
E-E-E-E-E (Motion)
© 2010 Nationwide Children’s Hospital
WATCH FOR….
Nose Scope!
Turbinate = “Shelves” in Nasal Cavity, on
the left in the beginning
Septum = Tunnel from Nostril
Pharynx = Opens to your Throat
Eustachian = little hump on the left is end
of tube where your Ear drains out.
Scar = see on the right a little white starshaped scar is from when the tonsils and
adenoids were taken out.
Soft Pallet = back of mouth goes up &
down, ends in uvula (hang down thingy)
Swallowing = windshield wiper effect
Epiglottis = crescent-shaped flap that keeps Vocal Chords = “V” shaped part
food & air in the right pipes
See the person saying, E-E-E-E-E
Gooey String = yes, it’s a Spit Streak
Lumps = Back of the Tongue
© 2010 Nationwide Children’s Hospital
The “Talk” Video
Don’t forget your gas
mask!
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You’re a
Certifiable
Graduate of
Grossness!
© 2010 Nationwide Children’s Hospital
Stay Gross, Groovy and Smart!
© 2010 Nationwide Children’s Hospital