Transcript THE 20-th CENTURY

The
Crusades
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The Crusades
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After Muslims(Seljuk Turks) were threatening the
Byzantine Empire (Christians), Pope Urban II calls
for Christians from Western Europe to protect the
Byzantine Empire and to capture the Holy Land
from its Muslim inhabitants
Asia Minor
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Pope Urban II
calls the first
Crusade.
1095-1291
http://www.history.com/media.do?id=tdih_nov27_broadband&action=clip
GOD WILLS IT!!
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" Jerusalem is now held
captive by the
enemies of Christ,
those who do not know
God,
the heathen (non
Christians).
Jerusalem wants to be free
and
begs you to come help!
Who will take up this work,
who will right these
wrongs
who will recover this
territory, if you won't ?"
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Reasons for the Crusades
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Holy Land was holy to
Christians (especially
Jerusalem)
Place where Jesus was
born and died
Looking for adventure
and riches
Few opportunities in
feudal Europe
Hatred of Muslims
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Indulgence from sins
Exempt from taxes
Debts cancelled
The Pope wanted
To get the Orthodox Church back
And have the Christians fight together, not
each other
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Cross on chest
About 4000 knights took up
the Cross. The word Crusade
comes from the Latin CRUX,
meaning Cross.
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Even peasants wanted to fight.
Peter the Hermit led the peasants, but most
died before they reached the Holy land.
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Historians believe that 30,000 crusaders left
Western Europe to fight in the first crusade.
About 4,000 of those were knights,
who were happy to try out their fighting skills.
The rest of the crusaders were foot soldiers, archers
(soldiers with bows and arrows), and cooks.
Women and priests also traveled with the men
in the army.
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There were eight major Crusades. Only
the first one was really successful.
Land and water
routes to the Holy
Land.
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Crusader Pictures
The Holy City of Jerusalem
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Most gathered in
Constantinople for the journey
south.
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The Burning of Jerusalem
The Crusaders were terribly cruel to the
Muslims
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The first Crusade was the first and
last victory for the Crusaders.
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Christians set up 4 crusader states in the Holy
Land
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and built Crusader Forts
to establish feudalism
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Two new order of Knights were
established during the crusades:
The Knights of the Temple, the
Templars
And
The Knights of St. John, The
Hospitallers
They were
FIGHTING MONKS
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Then, in 1144 Edessa
falls
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The Pope
calls the
Second
Crusade
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King Louis VII
of France
and
King Conrad III
of Germany
were badly
defeated!
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Saladin,
leader of the
Muslims
began
retaking land
won in the
first Crusade.
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Saladin’s Empire
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Crusade of the Three
Kings
Frederick
Barbarossa of the
Holy Roman
Empire
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Richard the
Lionhearted of
England
Philip
Augustus of
France
Was called to re-take the
Holy land captured by
Saladin.
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Richard never
made it inside
the walls of
Jerusalem.
Instead, he and
Saladin made a
Three
year
Truce
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Fourth
Crusade
Pope Innocent III
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The Crusaders didn’t even
make it to the Holy land.
They looted and raided
Constantinople instead!!
Are you crazy?? We
Are not your enemies!!
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How shall I begin to tell of the deeds done by these wicked men?
They trampled the images underfoot instead of adoring them. They
threw the relics of the martyrs into filth….
They broke into bits the sacred altar of Santa Sophia, and distributed it
among the soldiers. When the sacred vessels and the silver and gold
ornaments were to be carried off, they brought up mules and saddle
horses inside the church itself."
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Innocent
excommunicated all of
the participants It was
one of the major
reasons for the schism
between the Orthodox
and Roman Catholic
churches..
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The spirit of the crusades had been lost. Very
few crusaders ever made it to the Holy Land.
The "enthusiasm " seen in the first crusades
had been replaced by a hunger for wealth.
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The Children’s Crusade –
Stephen,12 year old French shepherd, had a vision that
God wanted children to go on a new crusade to free Jerusalem
from Muslims. He gathered 30,000 French children and
marched 300 miles to Marseilles, France . The group was
shipped out in 7 ships loaded with 5,000 children, monks, and
nuns. 2 ships were wrecked, 5 ships made it to North Africa
where all were sold into slavery.
Nicholas also a 12 year old shepherd and another child
leader from Germany led 20,000 children from Germany over
the Alps to Italy. Nicholas and the other leader’s armies of
children sailed from Italian ports and were never heard from
again.
50,000 children went, at least 10,000 died from disease,
abuse, exposure, shipwreck, or attack. 23,000 never returned
home.
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The Fifth Crusade - 1219
Strategy- to wipe out the
Muslim power at its power
base in Egypt
It also was a failure
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The Sixth Crusade – 1228 –
LED BY AN ATHEIST,
FREDERICK II OF THE
HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE
No Fighting. Negotiations led to
a 15 year truce!
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The Seventh Crusade –
1248 – led by
King Louis IX, King of
France
The King was captured and later his
vassals had to pay ransom
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FAILURE!!!!!
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The Eighth Crusade
Also led by King Louis IX of France
1270
The King died of a fever. No land was won.
Another failure
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By 1291, the last piece of Christian
land in the Holy Land was lost to the Muslims.
The crusades were over.
Would call them a
success
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Or a
Failure?
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How about
successful failure?????
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Long Term Effect #1:
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Long Term Effect #1:
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Interaction between Western Europe and Muslims
in Middle East- Cultural Diffusion
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Long Term effect #2:
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Long Term effect #2:
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Increased trade between Europe and Middle East
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Long Term Effect #3:
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Long Term Effect #3:
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Italians act as middlemen in the trade between W
Europe and Middle East- they become wealthyleads to Renaissance
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Long Term Effect #4:
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Legacy (long term effect) of distrust and hatred
between Christians, Jews and Muslims
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Long Term Effect #5:
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Growth of towns and cities along crusader routes;
weakening of feudal system
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6. And weakened
nobles, and
strengthened kings
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