Transcript Slide 1

Chapter
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What do Managers do???
• I know what Physicians, Firemen, Bus Drivers, Architects, Plumbers, Police Men,
Veterinarians, Accountants, Jockeys, Football Players, Burglars, Painters, Sculptors, Actors,
Chefs, Waitresses, Sports Announcers, Ballet Dancers, Sumo Wrestlers, Fishermen,
Typists, Sewer workers, Tennis Players, Golfers, Computer Programmers, Smugglers,
Garbage Men, Models, Airline Pilots, Flight Attendants, Physicists, Dog Trainers,
Psychiatrists, Psychologists, Arsonists, Terrorists, News Casters, Weather People,
Surgeons, Supreme Court Justices, Serial Killers, Ophthalmologists, Ornithologists,
Astronomers, Pianists, Piano Tuners, Violinists, Cellists, Cyclists, Gymnasts, Mailmen,
Racists, Sexists, Yodelers, Beach Bums, Interpreters, Translators, Bee Keepers, House
Keepers, Tour Guides, Tourists, Actors, Actuaries, Chemists, Cable Guys, Paranoids, Drug
Dealers, Book Sellers, Bookies, Lawyers, Stenographers, Soldiers, Welders, Tree Trimmers,
Pharmacists, Farmers, Politicians DO (OK – I don’t know what Politicians do, if anything)
• All of these titles can be described can be described in 5 words or less (Except Politicians)
Tell me what “A Manager” does in 5 words or less !!!
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Make decisions
•
You can make good decisions
In 1980, after adapting an operating system for the PC, which was to be delivered to IBM for a one-time
fee of $50,000, Bill Gates decided offer to transfer the copyright on the operating system, because he
believed that other hardware vendors would clone IBM's system.
As of November, 2013 his net worth was estimated at US$ 76.8 billion
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Make decisions
•
Or you can make bad decisions
The Trojan Horse being taken into Troy as depicted by
Venetian painter Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo circa
1760.
The Greeks constructed a huge wooden horse, and hid a select force of men inside. The Greeks
pretended to sail away, and the Trojans pulled the horse into their city as a victory trophy. That night
the Greek force crept out of the horse and opened the gates for the rest of the Greek army, which had
sailed back under cover of night. The Greeks entered and destroyed the city of Troy, decisively ending
the war. (Wikipedia)
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Why Study Information Systems?
 Information technologies are playing an expanding
role in business.
 Improving efficiency and effectiveness
 managerial decision making
 workgroup collaboration
→ The end result is that businesses can strengthen
their competitive position in the rapidly changing
marketplace
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Why Study Information Systems?
 Efficiency
 Minimize Costs
 Minimize Time
 Minimize Use of Information Resources
 Effectiveness
 Support an organization’s business strategies
 Enable its business processes
 Enhance organizational structure and culture
 Increase customer business value
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Why Study Information Systems?
 Internet-based systems have become a necessary
ingredient for business success
 How many of you:
• Purchased products on line that you would
have not considered buying 5 years ago?
• Make airline reservations on line?
• Gotten product/service information on line?
→ Information technologies are playing an expanding
role in business.
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But why a required principles course?
 Why do you have required accounting, marketing,
management, economics and finance courses?
→ Because these are all basic business functions
(As are Information Systems)
 It wasn’t always that way, however.
 Let’s consider a typical Organization Table from
the late 1970’s/early 1980’s
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 A (Simplified) Organizational Table (c. 1960)
CEO
VP Finance
Accounting
EDP Depart.
VP Production
VP Marketing
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 A (Simplified) Organizational Table (c. 1990)
CEO
VP Marketing
VP Finance
VP Production
CIO
Why the difference?
 Information Systems are no longer viewed merely
as tools
 They have moved from a STAFF position to a
LINE position
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What will we be studying in this course?
• The Conceptual Framework of IS Knowledge
• Fundamental behavioral, technical, business and managerial
concepts about IS components and IS roles
Chapters 1 & 2
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What constitutes an information system?
• The Conceptual Framework of IS Knowledge
• Major concepts, developments and management issues in
issues in IS Technology
• Hardware
• Data Management
• Internet
• Software
Technologies
• Networks
Chapters
3-6
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What constitutes an information system?
• The Conceptual Framework of IS Knowledge
• The challenges of effectively and ethically managing
information systems at the end-user, enterprise, and global
levels of the business
Chapters 13 & 14
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What constitutes an information system?
• The Conceptual Framework of IS Knowledge
• The major uses of Information Technologies for operations,
management and competitive advantages
Chapters 8 - 10
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What constitutes an information system?
• The Conceptual Framework of IS Knowledge
• How information professionals and specialists plan, develop
and implement information systems to meet business
opportunities
Chapters 11 & 12
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So what is an information system?
• ALL the components must work together toward a single
goal
• In fact it is many different and related systems that appear
to be only one system
• It is a term that we use everyday, without thought to what
it really means:
“I don’t understand why they chose the new
inventory system instead of an SAP system”
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So what is an information system?
• Information systems should be viewed the same as any
other system
•
•
•
•
The solar system
A railway system
An ecological system
An economic System
(The European Community)
• They are:
“a group of independent but interrelated
elements comprising a unified whole”
• ALL the components work together toward a single goal
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So what is an information system?
• A basic system can be represented as
capturing and assembling elements that enter the system
Feedbackto be processed
Feedback
Signals
Signals
Control
Control
Signals
Control
Signals
Input
Processing
ENVIRONMENT
Output
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So what is an information system?
transformation steps that convert input into output
Feedback
Signals
Feedback
Signals
Control
Control
Signals
Control
Signals
Input
Processing
ENVIRONMENT
Output
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So what is an information system?
transferring elements that have been produced by a
transformation process to their ultimate destination
Feedback
Signals
Feedback
Signals
Control
Control
Signals
Control
Signals
Input
Processing
ENVIRONMENT
Output
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So what is an information system?
monitoring and evaluating feedback to determine
whether a system is moving toward its goal
Feedback
Signals
Feedback
Signals
Control
Control
Signals
Control
Signals
Input
Processing
ENVIRONMENT
Output
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So what is an information system?
data about the performance of a system
Feedback
Signals
Feedback
Signals
Control
Control
Signals
Control
Signals
Input
Processing
ENVIRONMENT
Output
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So what is an information system?
Adjustment to improve system performance
Feedback
Signals
Feedback
Signals
Control
Control
Signals
Control
Signals
Input
Processing
ENVIRONMENT
Output
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What does this have to do with real life?
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What types of systems are there?
• Closed Systems:
• Mechanical systems are generally closed systems
To use a refrigerator you turn it on and set the
temperature. After that you can forget about
monitoring the temperature because it is done
automatically.
• You might consider a prison system as a closed
system (especially if a prisoner is locked-up in
isolation)
• A simple computer program which always returns the
same result may be considered a closed system
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What types of systems are there?
• Open Systems:
• Living Organisms
People are open systems since they must
interact with their environment in order to take
in food, water, and obtain shelter
• Some mechanical systems, such
as thermostats,
which rely on inputs from the
environment
and produce affects affecting the
environment
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What constitutes an information system?
The Systems Trinity:
As well as:
• Customers
• and others
• Managers
• Users
• System’s Designers
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What constitutes an information system?
• microcomputers, midsize servers,
and large mainframe systems
• the input, output, and
storage devices that
support them
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What constitutes an information system?
• operating system software, Web browsers, software productivity
suites, and software for business applications like customer
relationship management and supply chain management
Chapter
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Foundations of Information Systems in Business
What constitutes an information system?
• operating system software, Web browsers, software productivity
suites, and software for business applications like customer
relationship management and supply chain management
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What constitutes an information system?
• Data Versus Information
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Data versus Information?
• While information systems rely on data, they must provide
information
What’s the difference???
• Data (pl) is a non-random sequence of symbols
Fernandez, Juan A19 1211 83 77 81
• Information, while generally based on data, is something
that increases our knowledge
Juan Fernandez is an Accounting Major and has a 80.3 average in
Principles of Accounting
(Based on analysis of the above data)
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Data versus Information?
• While information systems rely on data, they must provide
information
What’s the difference???
• Data (pl) is a non-random sequence of symbols
Fernandez, Juan A19 1211 83 77 81
• Information, while generally based on data, is something
that increases our knowledge
Juan Fernandez is an Accounting Major and has a 80.3 average in
Principles of Accounting
(Based on analysis of the above data)
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Aren’t Information Systems and Information
Technology the same thing?
• Information
Systems (IS):
all components and resources
necessary to deliver information and
information processing functions to the
organization
• Information
Technology (IT):
various hardware components
necessary for the system to operate
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What are the Fundamental Roles of IS in Business?
• Let’s first talk about the fundamental roles of management
Anthony’s Hierarchy of Management
Top
Mgt.
• Focus is on the Long term future
(e.g., New Products)
(CEO)
Middle or
Tactical Mgt.
• Focus is on the short term future
(e.g., Budgeting)
(Plant Manager)
Operational
Management
(Production Manager)
• Focus is on the present
(e.g., Meeting Production Schedule)
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What are the Fundamental Roles of IS in Business?
Anthony’s Hierarchy of Management
Top
Mgt.
(CEO)
Middle or
Tactical Mgt.
(Plant Manager)
Operational
Management
(Production Manager)
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What types of information do we need?
 That depends on what you need
 Let’s look at some of the dimensions of information
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Information needs and Management Levels
Anthony’s Hierarchy of Management
Top
Mgt.
•
•
•
•
•
Unscheduled
Dated
Infrequent
Future Orientation
Predictive
•
•
•
•
•
Semi-accurate
Semi-relevant
Incomplete
Concise
Broad Scope
(CEO)
Form of presentation
is a function of the
manager’s preference
Middle or
Tactical Mgt.
(Plant Manager)
Operational
Management
(Production Manager)
•
•
•
•
•
Very Timely
Very current
Often needed
Present Data
Historical Data
•
•
•
•
•
Narrow Scope
Detailed
Complete
Very Relevant
Very Accurate
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What types of information do we need?
Anthony’s Hierarchy of Management
Top
Mgt.
 Strategic Information Systems
• Competitive Advantage Systems
• Long term Planning
(CEO)
Middle or
Tactical Mgt.
 Management Support Systems
• Management decision support
• Management reporting systems
(Plant Manager)
Operational
Management
(Production Manager)
 Operations Support Systems
• Transaction Processing
• Process Control
• Collaboration Systems
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What types of information do we need?
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What types of information do we need?
Operations
Support
Systems
Transaction
Processing
Systems
process data resulting from business transactions, update operational
databases, and produce business documents.
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What types of information do we need?
Operations
Support
Systems
Transaction
Processing
Systems
Process
Control
Systems
• monitor and control industrial processes.
• Process control systems use electronic
sensors linked to computers to continually
monitor processes and make instant (real-time)
adjustments that control the process.
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What types of information do we need?
Operations
Support
Systems
Transaction
Processing
Systems
Process
Control
Systems
Enterprise
Collaboration
Systems
• support team, workgroup, and enterprise communications and
collaboration.
• Enterprise collaboration systems enhance team and workgroup
communications and productivity, and include applications that are
sometimes called office automation.
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What types of information do we need?
Management
Support
Systems
Management
Information
Systems
provide information in the form of pre-specified reports and displays
to support business decision making.
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What types of information do we need?
Management
Support
Systems
Management
Information
Systems
Decision
Support
Systems
provide interactive ad hoc support for the decision making processes
of managers and other business professionals.
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What types of information do we need?
Management
Support
Systems
Management
Information
Systems
Decision
Support
Systems
Executive
Information
Systems
provide critical information from MIS, DSS, and other sources tailored
to the information needs of executives.
EIS systems are management information systems which are tailored
to meet the strategic information needs of top management.
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What types of information do we need?
 Other Information Systems
• Expert Systems
• Attempts to apply the logic used by “Experts” in a specific field
• Knowledge Management Systems
• Systems that support the creation, organization, and
dissemination of business knowledge to employees and
managers
• Functional Business Systems
• Information Systems that focus on operational and managerial
applications of business functions
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What types of information do we need?
 Other Information Systems
• Strategic Information Systems
• Systems that support the creation, organization, and
dissemination of business knowledge to employees and
managers
• Cross-functional Information Systems
• Computer systems developed in order to help knowledge
workers create, organize, and share important business
knowledge wherever and whenever needed.
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How have information systems evolved?
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How have information systems evolved?
 Network Configurations
• Local Area Networks (LANS)
Short Range – within the same building
• Wide Area Networks (WANS)
Long Range – May be world-wide
• Intranets
Within a business – may be world-wide
• Extranets
A network between an enterprise and its trading partners
• Internets
Available to anyone – world-wide
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How do we develop an information system?
What’s the problem?
What are you doing?
(This is also known
as the planning
phase)
How are we
doing? Let’s
keep up the
good stuff, and
improve where
we can!
I think this is what
you should be doing!
Let’s do it!
Who should be Involved?
Everyone!
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What is E-Business?
 Using Internet technologies to empower:
• Business processes
• Electronic commerce
• Collaboration within a company
• Collaboration with customers, suppliers, and
other business stakeholders
 In essence, an online exchange of value
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How is E-Business Being Used?
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E-Business Use
 Business Process Reengineering
• Internal business processes
 Enterprise collaboration systems
• Support communications, coordination and
coordination among teams and work groups
 Electronic commerce
• Buying, selling, marketing, and servicing of
products and services over networks
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What are the Managerial Challenges of
Some Examples:
information system?
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 Success and Failure with IT
• Success should not be measured only by its efficiency
• Success should include:
• The effectiveness of information technology in supporting
and organization’s business strategies
• The enabling of its business processes
• The enhancement of organizational structures and culture
• The increase of customer and business value
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 Introduction Summary
 The IS Function is …
• a major source of information and support
needed to promote effective decision making
by managers and business professionals.
• An important contributor to operational
efficiency, employee productivity, and
customer service and satisfaction.
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 Introduction Summary
 The IS Function is …
• An important factor in developing competitive
products and services that give an
organization a strategic advantage in global
marketplace.
• A functional area of business as important to
business success as accounting, finance,
operations management, marketing, and
human resource management.
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Anything else I should know Information
Systems ???
Of Course!!! That’s why you’re taking this course !!
??? Any Questions ???
I’ve got lots of questions, but I know that no
one else does, and I hate to look stupid --BETTER TO JUST NOT KNOW!!!
Ignorance, after all, IS bliss!!