Transcript INPRO ICONE 11 presentation of Phase-IA

THE INTERNATIONAL PROJECT ON INNOVATIVE NUCLEAR REACTORS AND
FUEL CYCLES (INPRO)
F. Depisch , C.Allan, J. Kupitz (IAEA)
WATEC
Vienna, 3rd October 2003
Table of Contents
Introduction
 Goals of INPRO
 Results of INPRO Phase 1A in the Area of
NP Prospects/Potentials, Economics,
Sustainability/Environment, Safety,
Proliferation Resistance, Cross Cutting
Issues and Methodology
 Conclusion and Outlook
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F. Depisch
IC on Global Environment and advanced NPP, Kyoto, 15th – 19th of September 2003
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Introduction
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INPRO : International Project on Innovative Nuclear
Reactors and Fuel Cycles
Basis of INPRO : Resolution at the IAEA General
Conference in 2000/2001/2002 in Vienna
16 Participants in INPRO (June 2003):

15 INPRO Member States: Argentina, Brazil,
Bulgaria, Canada, China, Germany, India, Indonesia,
Republic of Korea, Pakistan, Russia, Spain,
Switzerland, The Netherlands, Turkey

European Commission.
Several Observers in INPRO (e.g. Australia, Belgium,
Chile, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Japan, UK,
USA, OECD/NEA, etc.)
F. Depisch
IC on Global Environment and advanced NPP, Kyoto, 15th – 19th of September 2003
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Goals of INPRO
● INPRO Goals:
1. To help to ensure that nuclear energy is available to
contribute in fulfilling energy needs in the 21st
century in a sustainable manner.
2. To bring together both technology holders and
technology users to consider jointly the actions
required to achieve desired innovations in nuclear
reactors and fuel cycles.
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INPRO Time horizon is 50 years into the future.
Why Innovative Nuclear Energy Systems?
Need for Innovation to turn around current
trend regarding Nuclear Power ( ).
F. Depisch
IC on Global Environment and advanced NPP, Kyoto, 15th – 19th of September 2003
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Status of INPRO

June 2003: End of INPRO Phase 1A

Phase 1A: Definition of Basic Principles, User
Requirements and Criteria for Innovative Nuclear
Energy Systems in the Area of Economics,
Environment, Safety, Proliferation Resistance and
Crosscutting Issues, Outline of Methodology
Documentation of Results of INPRO Phase1A
in IAEA Report TECDOC-1362
 July 2003: Start of Phase 1B (Validation of
Methodology)

F. Depisch
IC on Global Environment and advanced NPP, Kyoto, 15th – 19th of September 2003
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Results of INPRO in the Area
Nuclear Power Prospects and Potentials
6,000
Yellow bars: SRES Scenarios
5,000
4,000
GWe
SRES =
Special Report
on Emission
Scenarios of
the
Intergovernme
ntal Panel on
Climate
Change (IPCC)
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
2000
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
World Nuclear Electricity Production (GWe)
(IPCC)
F. Depisch
IC on Global Environment and advanced NPP, Kyoto, 15th – 19th of September 2003
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Results of INPRO in the Area
Economics
SRES = Special Report
on Emission Scenarios of
the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC)
IIASA = International
Institute for Applied
System Analysis
INPRO: Selection of 4 Representative Scenarios of the Future out of 40
F. Depisch
IC on Global Environment and advanced NPP, Kyoto, 15th – 19th of September 2003
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Results of INPRO in the Area
Economics
800
700
Energy
(EJ)
600
SRES Scenario A1T
F_upgrading
Desalination
Exajoule
500
Add Heat
Add H2
400
Add Elec
Potential
300
Heat
Hydrogen
Electricity
200
100
0
2000
SRES
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
2060
2070
2080
2090
2100
Time (yr)
Potential Global Market for Nuclear Electricity, Hydrogen, Heat
and Desalination for A1T Scenario
F. Depisch
IC on Global Environment and advanced NPP, Kyoto, 15th – 19th of September 2003
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Results of INPRO in the Area
Economics
NTR =
Nuclear
Technology
Review (IAEA)
in 2002
A1T = Costs in
A1T as defined
in SRES
A1T-N = Costs
in A1T with
aggressive
Learning Rate
Upper Bar: Learning Rate SRES
Lower Bar: Learning Rate INPRO
3000
capital cost ($/kW(e))
S-2000 = SRES
input for the
year 2000
3500
2500
2000
I
A
E
A
S
R
E
S
0%
3%
4%
0%
6%
7%
1500
8%
10%
1000
500
0
NTR
2000
A1T
A1T-N
B1
B1-N
A2
A2-N
B2
B2-N
Ranges for Specific Capital Costs in 2050 for NPP (SRES)
F. Depisch
IC on Global Environment and advanced NPP, Kyoto, 15th – 19th of September 2003
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Definition of Selected INPRO Terms

Innovative Nuclear Energy System (INS):
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F. Depisch
INS will position NP to make Major Contribution to Energy Supply in
the 21st Century.
INS includes Innovative and Evolutionary Designs.
Innovative design (= advanced design) incorporating radical
conceptual changes in design approaches or system configuration in
comparison with existing designs.
Evolutionary design (= advanced design) incorporating small to
moderate modifications with strong emphasis on maintaining design
proveness.
INS includes all Components: Mining and Milling, Fuel Production,
Enrichment, Fabrication, Production (incl. all types and sizes of
reactors), Reprocessing, Materials Management (incl. Transportation
and Waste Management), Institutional Measures (e.g. safe guards,
etc.), all Phases (e.g. cradle to grave)
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Definition of Selected INPRO Terms

Basic Principle: Statement of a general rule providing
guidance for the development of INS.

User Requirement: Conditions to be met to achieve
acceptance of INS by User. Definition of measures to fulfill
Basic Principle.
 User: Has a stake or interest in sectors where INS are
applicable, e.g. designers, utilities (electricity, heating,
desalination, etc.), regulators, national governments,
NGO, press, international organizations and public.
Includes countries in development and transition.

Criterion: Consists of an Indicator and an Acceptance
Limit. Used for Judgement of Potential of INS to fulfil the
corresponding User Requirement.
F. Depisch
IC on Global Environment and advanced NPP, Kyoto, 15th – 19th of September 2003
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Definition of Selected INPRO Terms
Basic Principle
a
b
User Requirement
b
a
Criterion
a = Derivation
b = Fulfilment
INPRO Hierarchy of Demands on Innovative Nuclear
Energy Systems (INS)
F. Depisch
IC on Global Environment and advanced NPP, Kyoto, 15th – 19th of September 2003
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Results of INPRO in the Area
Economics

Two Basic Principles defined:
The cost of energy from INS, taking all costs
and credits into account, must be competitive
with that of alternative energy sources
 INS must represent an attractive investment
compared with other major investments


Five User Requirements and Several
Criteria defined
F. Depisch
IC on Global Environment and advanced NPP, Kyoto, 15th – 19th of September 2003
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Results of INPRO in the Area
Sustainability / Environment
Other Industries
Nuclear Energy System Boundary
Mining & Milling
Energy &
Industrial
Materials
Fissile & Fertile Materials
Fuel Processing
Other Materials
Energy Conversion
Recycling
Environment
Spent Fuel &
Waste Management
Environmental
Effects
Environmental
Stressors
Waste Disposal
Construction

Operation
Decommissioning
Holistic Approach for Environmental Assessment
F. Depisch
IC on Global Environment and advanced NPP, Kyoto, 15th – 19th of September 2003
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Results of INPRO in the Area
Sustainability / Environment
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Two Basic Principles defined:
1. Acceptability of Environmental Effects:
 The adverse environmental effects of the INS
must be well within the performance envelope of
current nuclear energy systems.
2. Fitness for Purpose :
 The INS must be capable of contributing to the
energy needs in the future making efficient use of
non-renewable resources.

Four User Requirements (UR) and Six Criteria
for INS defined
 Four UR for Assessment Method defined
F. Depisch
IC on Global Environment and advanced NPP, Kyoto, 15th – 19th of September 2003
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Results of INPRO in the Area
Safety of Nuclear Installations
General Nuclear Safety Objective
Fundamental Safety Functions
Nuclear Reactors
- Control Reactivity
- Remove Heat from
Core
- Confine Radioactivity
and Shield Radiation
-
Deterministic
&
Probabilistic
Safety
Analysis
Passive
Systems
Fuel Cycle Installations
- Control Sub-criticality and
Chemistry
- Remove Decay Heat from
Radio-nuclides
- Confine Radioactivity and
Shield Radiation
--
Defence in Depth
- Prevent abnormal operation and failures
- Control abnormal operation, detect failures
- Control accidents within design basis
- Assure low damage frequencies
- Contain released radioactive materials
Balanced design options and configurations
Increased
Emphasis
on
Inherent Safety
Characteristics
Active
Systems
Approach to Development of Basic Principles, User Requirements and Criteria for INS in the Area of Safety
F. Depisch
IC on Global Environment and advanced NPP, Kyoto, 15th – 19th of September 2003
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Results of INPRO in the Area
Safety of Nuclear Installations
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Five Basic Principles defined:
The Innovative Nuclear Reactors and Fuel Cycle Installations shall:
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Incorporate enhanced defense in depth
Be so save that they can be sited in locations similar to
other industrial facilities used for similar purpose
Incorporate increased emphasis on inherent safety and
passive features
Include associated RD&D
Include holistic life-cycle analysis
Twenty-seven User Requirements and Several
Criteria defined
F. Depisch
IC on Global Environment and advanced NPP, Kyoto, 15th – 19th of September 2003
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Results of INPRO in the Area
Safety of Nuclear Installations
Basic Principle 1: Innovative nuclear reactors and fuel cycle installations shall
incorporate enhanced defence-in-depth as a part of their fundamental safety
approach and the levels of protection in defence-in-depth shall be more independent
from each other than in current installations (continued).
Criteria
User Requirement
Indicators
The innovative nuclear reactors and fuel
cycle installations shall not need relocation or
evacuation measures outside the plant site,
apart from those generic emergency measures
developed for any industrial facility.
F. Depisch
IC on Global Environment and advanced NPP, Kyoto, 15th – 19th of September 2003
Probability of
large release
of radioactive
materials to
the
environment.
Acceptance Limit
<10-6 per
plant*year, or
excluded by
design.
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Results of INPRO in the Area
Waste Management
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Nine Basic Principles (from IAEA Safety Series No. 111-F)
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Secure acceptable level of protection for human health and the
environment including effects beyond national borders now and
in the future (summary of 4 principles)
Avoid undue burdens on future generations
Minimize waste generation
Consider all interdependencies among all steps of waste
generation
Assure appropriate national legal framework
Assure safety of waste facilities during lifetime
Six User Requirements and Several Criteria
defined by INPRO
F. Depisch
IC on Global Environment and advanced NPP, Kyoto, 15th – 19th of September 2003
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Results of INPRO in the Area
Waste Management
Criteria
User Requirement
5.Reduction of Waste at
the Source:
The energy system
should be designed to
minimize the generation
of wastes and
particularly wastes
containing long-lived
toxic components that
would be mobile in a
repository environment.
F. Depisch
Indicators
Alpha-emitters and other
long-lived radionuclides
Acceptance Limits
ALARP
Total activity
Radiotoxicity
ALARP
Mass
ALARP
Volume
ALARP
Chemically toxic elements
that would become part of
the radioactive waste
ALARP(as low as reasonable
IC on Global Environment and advanced NPP, Kyoto, 15th – 19th of September 2003
practical, social and economic
factors taken into account)
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Results of INPRO in the Area
Waste management
Criteria
User Requirement
Indicators
Acceptance Limits
T
Intermediate steps between
generation of the waste and the
end state should be taken as
early as reasonably practicable.
The design of the steps should
ensure that all important
technical issues (e.g., heat
removal, criticality control,
confinement of radioactive
material) are addressed. The
processes should not inhibit or
complicate the achievement of
the end state.
F. Depisch
Time to produce the waste form
specified for the end state
As short as reasonably
practicable.
E
TTechnical indicators: e.g.,
 Criticality compliance
Heat removal provisions
Radioactive emission control measures
Shielding specifications
Volume / activity reduction measures
Radiotoxicity
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Process
descriptions that encompass
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the
 entire waste life cycle.
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Criteria as prescribed by regulatory
bodies of specific Member States.
Complete chain of processes from
generation to final end state and
sufficiently detailed to make evident
the feasibility of all steps.
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Results of INPRO in the Area
Proliferation Resistance
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Definition of Proliferation Resistance:
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Intrinsic Features:
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Characteristics of nuclear energy system that
impedes diversion or undeclared production of
nuclear material or misuse of technology
Technical design (e.g., core with small reactivity
margins)
Extrinsic Measures:
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F. Depisch
Control and verification agreements (e.g., IAEA
safeguards)
IC on Global Environment and advanced NPP, Kyoto, 15th – 19th of September 2003
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Results of INPRO in the Area
Proliferation Resistance
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Five Basic Principles defined:
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Provide proliferation resistant features to minimize the
possibilities of misuse of nuclear materials for nuclear
weapons.
Provide balanced combination of of intrinsic and
extrinsic measures (summary of 2 principles)
Encourage development of intrinsic features
Assessment methods to be developed
Five User Requirements and Several Criteria
defined
F. Depisch
IC on Global Environment and advanced NPP, Kyoto, 15th – 19th of September 2003
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Results of INPRO in the Area
Crosscutting Issues

Definition of Desired Changes
(recommendations) to Facilitate
Deployment of NP in the Area of :

Legal and Institutional Infrastructure
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Economic and Industrial Infrastructure
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Socio-Political Infrastructure
F. Depisch
IC on Global Environment and advanced NPP, Kyoto, 15th – 19th of September 2003
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Results of INPRO in the Area
Crosscutting Issues

Recommendations in the area of Legal and
Institutional Infrastructure:
License for INS should be based on INPRO
Requirements and internationally accepted.
 International or regional nuclear authorities and
inspection bodies should be established.
 Handling of liability and insurance risk should be
comparable to other industries.

F. Depisch
IC on Global Environment and advanced NPP, Kyoto, 15th – 19th of September 2003
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Results of INPRO in the Area
Methodology for Assessment
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Top down approach:
Development of Basic Principles, User
Requirements and Criteria in the Areas of
Economics, Environment, Safety, waste
management and Proliferation Resistance
 Compiling of Approaches in INS relevant to
different Areas
 Check of Compliance of Approaches with
Basic Principles and User Requirements via
Judgment of Potential to fulfill Criteria.
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F. Depisch
IC on Global Environment and advanced NPP, Kyoto, 15th – 19th of September 2003
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Conclusion and Outlook
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Conclusion:
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INPRO Phase 1A finished in June 2003
Formulation by INPRO in Phase 1A of Basic Principles, User
Requirements and Criteria for Assessment of INS in all Areas
Documentation of Results of Phase 1A in an IAEA report
(TECDOC-1362)
Outlook:


F. Depisch
INPRO Phase 1B started in July 2003: Application of INPRO
Methodology by assessing of INS via
 Case Studies to update methodology (Argentina, India,
Korea, Russia)
 Work Packages
 Assessment of complete INS
Enhancement of Synergy with other projects (e.g. GIF)
IC on Global Environment and advanced NPP, Kyoto, 15th – 19th of September 2003
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INPRO and GIF
Both Projects are complementary:
 INPRO:
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Represents technology users and holders
Global perspective including developing countries
Assessment methodology also for users
Holistic approach of nuclear systems
Inclusion of infrastructure aspects
GIF
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F. Depisch
Represents primarily technology holders
Basis for RD&D of 6 chosen technologies
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