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Topic: Learning and teaching activities
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Objectives
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Making a comparison between traditional learning
and teaching activities and communicative ones
Lesson One
Making a comparison between traditional learning and
teaching activities and communicative ones
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Pre-task activities
Step One Elicit all kinds of classroom activities
from students
Step Two Categorize the activities
While-task activities
Step Three Tell the characteristics of traditional
activities and communicative activities.
Step Four Tell the use of different activities
Post-task activities
Step Five Give a feedback to students
Activities and Exercises
Real communication activities
Practice communication activities
Shaping exercises
Focusing exercises
Learning and teaching activities
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In the Grammar-translation Method
 In the Direct Method
 In the Audiolingual Method
 In the Communicative Approach
 In the Activities-based Approach
In the Grammar-translation Method
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Characteristics:
1. Grammar is taught in deductive way .
2. Grammar analysis, explanation and translation
serve the purpose of mastering grammatical rules.
3. Reading and writing are the major focus, little
or no systematic attention is paid to speaking or
listening.
4.The sentence is the basic unit of language
teaching and learing.
5. Accuracy rather than fluency is emphasized.
Techniques:
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Reading
 Translation
 Deductive teaching of grammar
 Analysis and comparison
 Memorization
 Reading comprehension questions
 Written work
In the Direct Method
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Characteristics:
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1, The meaning of a new target language word or phrase is
presented by relating the expression directly to objects
visual aids, or to familiar words in the foreign language
wherever possible.
2. Grammar was taught inductively.
3. correct pronunciation and grammar were emphasized.
4.Reading and writing exercises are based upon what the
students practice orally first.
5.The target language is used exclusively in the language
classroom as means of instruction and communication. The
use of the first language and of translation as a technique is
completely avoided.
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Techniques:
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Direct association
Question and answer exercises
Conversation practice
Error correction
Dictation
Inductive teaching of grammar
Listening comprehension tasks
Graded composition
In the Audiolingual Method
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Characteristics:
1.Dialogues and drills form the basis in
audiolingual classroom practice.
2.Grammar is induced from examples, explicit
grammar rules are not provided.
3.Cultural information is contextualized in the
dialogs or presented by the teacher.
4.Reading and written works is based upon the
oral work they did earlier.
5. Use Of language laboratory.
Techniques
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Repetition drill
Simple substitution drill
Transformation drill
Question-and-answer drill
Expansion drill
Clause combination drill
Backward build-up drill
Chain drill
Mini-dialogue
Completion
Use of minimal pairs
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In the Communicative Approach
Characteristics:
 1.Learner-centred
 2. Use not usage are emphasized
 3. Oracy
4. Interaction
 5. Fluency
6. Authenticity
 7. Discourse
8.Skills integration
 9. Information gap
 10. Immediate feedback
11. Choice of language
 12. Eclecticism
Types of communicative activities:
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Functional communicative activities
 Social interactional activities
Functional communicative activities
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learners comparing sets of pictures and noting similarities
and differences.
Working out a likely sequence of events in a set of pictures.
Discovering missing features in a map or picture
Picture strip story
Following direction
Draw a picture or shape according to given instruction.
Solving problems from shared clues
Scrambled sentences
Language games
Social interactional activities
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conversation
Discussion
Dialogue
Role play
Simulation
Skits
Improvisation
Debates