Transcript The Great War - Richland County School District Two

The Great War
By:
Emillie Engram,
Melissa Lytle,
and
Shannon Hall
The Road to War:
While explaining the road
to War World 1 this
document will talk
about:
• Conscription
• Mobilization
• Archduke Francis
Ferdinand
• Emperor William II
• Czar Nicholas II
• Triple Alliance
• Triple Entente
• Militarism
Conscription
•
Who took practiced conscription
during the time of World War I?
–
•
When exactly did conscription
occur during this time?
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•
Conscription was a military draft which
made European armies double in size.
Why did countries choose to
practice conscription?
–
•
Between 1890 and 1914
What was conscription?
–
•
Europe
European countries felt the need to
become more powerful because of
tensions tightening between them.
What was the significance of
conscription during this time?
–
Conscription, which is an act of
militarism, cause Military leaders to
receive more power and gave countries
the means to go to war.
Mobilization
• When did mobilization occur?
– 1914
• What is mobilization?
– Mobilization is a process of assembling troops and supplies.
During this time, mobilization was considered an act of war.
• Who was involved with mobilization?
– Czar Nicholas of Russia ordered mobilization of the Russian
armies.
• Why did mobilization occur?
– Russia practiced mobilization to prepare for war against AustriaHungary and Germany.
• What was the significance of Russia practicing
mobilization?
– The mobilization of Russia caused Germany to declare war on
Russia.
Archduke Francis Ferdinand
•
•
•
•
•
•
Who is Archduke Francis Ferdinand?
– He was the heir of the throne in AustriaHungary.
What happened to him?
– The Archduke was victim of the black
hand, a terrorist organization of Serbia,
who shot him and his wife to death.
When did this happen?
– 1914
Where did this happen?
– Sarajevo Bosnia
Why did this happen?
– Tension between Serbia and AustriaHungary and political reasons.
What significance did this act hold to War
World I?
– This act of terrorism led Austria-Hungary
to seek German allies and to declare war
on Serbia.
Emperor William II
• Who is Emperor William II?
– He was the Emperor of Germany.
• What did he do?
– Emperor William was the person to
declare that Austria-Hungary had
Germany’s “full-support” or, in other
words, declared the alliance between
Austria-Hungary and Germany.
• When did this happen?
– 1914
• What significance did he have
according to War World 1?
– The alliance he declared gave AustriaHungary the security to declare war
on Serbia. Therefore, he jump started
the war.
Czar Nicholas II
•
Who is Czar Nicholas II?
– Ruler of Russia
•
What did he do?
– Czar Nicholas II was the man who
ordered mobilization of Russian
armies against Austria-Hungary.
•
When did this occur?
– July 28-29, 1914.
•
Why did he do this?
– He ordered mobilization against
Austria-Hungary because AustriaHungary declared war on Serbia
who were allies with Russia.
•
What was the significance of
this act according to the war?
– Czar Nicholas knew that Germany
would consider this an act of war
which caused Germany to declare
war on Russia.
Triple Alliance and Triple
Entente
•
Who did the Triple Alliance consist of?
– Austria-Hungary, Germany, Italy
•
Who did the Triple Entente consist of?
– France, Great Britain, Russia
•
When did the Triple Alliance form?
– 1882
•
When did the Triple Entente form?
– 1907
•
What were these alliances?
– They were two loose alliances formed against each other.
•
Why did the countries split into these two alliances?
– Rivalries over colonies and trade caused the division of Europe into these two
alliances. Some ethnic groups, however, didn’t join this alliances and therefore
were left without nations such as the Slavic minorities in the Balkans, the
Hapsburg empire, and the Irish who were in the British empire, and the Poles
who were in the Russian Emprie.
•
What was the significance of the alliances?
– The Tensions formed between the alliances led to War World 1.
Map of the Two Alliances
Dark purple and light purple represents the Triple Entente.
Dark green and light green represents the Triple Alliance.
Militarism
• Who practiced militarism?
– Europe
• What was militarism?
– Militarism was aggressive preparation for war that European
countries practiced which caused their armies to grow.
• When was this practiced?
– Before 1914
• Why did European countries practice this?
– Conflicts and tensions heightened between European nations
which resulted in militarism and conscription.
• What significance did this have in War World 1?
– The preparations of these armies led to World War 1 because it
gave the means for the countries to go to war.
The War
• While Explaining WWI this document will talk about
and explain the importance of:
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Propaganda
Trench Warfare
Total War
Planned Economies
Lawrence of Arabia
Admiral Holtzendorff
Battle of Marne
Battle of Tannenberg
Battle at the Masurian Lakes
Battle of Verdun
Battle at Gallipoli
Lusitania
Zimmerman Telegram
Propaganda
•
What is this?
– These were ideas spread around
to influence public opinions or to
go against a cause. It is a method
that the government used to
create enthusiasm for the war
also.
•
When did this occur?
– August 1914
•
Where did this take place?
– In Europe
•
Who used propaganda?
– The European government
•
What is the significance of
using propaganda?
– They used it because before the
wars it stirred up national hatreds.
Trench Warfare
• What was Trench Warfare?
– It’s were soldiers would get in ditches,
protected by barbed wire and fight from
during war. Life in the trenches wasn’t
exactly enjoyable, soldiers produced
their own humor magazines, for
example, the B.E.F. Times.
• When did this begin to take place?
– 1914-1916
• Where did soldiers use trench warfare?
– Germany and France
• Why did they use trench warfare?
– They used it because digging trenches
was a safe way to keep out of harm in
war, but it also made it impossible to
battle.
• What was the Significance of trench
warfare?
– It caused many battles to become stale
mates and wasted a lot of time.
War of Attrition
•
What was the War of Attrition?
– It was a war based on wearing the
other side down by constant
attacks and heavy loses.
•
Where did this war take place?
– Europe
•
When did it take place?
– 1916
•
Why was it called this?
– It was called war of attrition
because they lost millions of
people.
•
What was the significance of
the war?
– It’s what WWI turned into after
losing all those men, due to the
ongoing attacks.
Total War
•
What was the Total War?
–
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When did this war take place?
–
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Europe
Why did the Total War occur?
–
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Around 1916
Where did it take place?
–
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A war where the countries drafts all the
people and collects all resources that
they can.
The war turned into a Total war
because the countries expected the
war to be short so they weren’t
prepared for long term war, when their
supplies ran out, total war was their
only option.
What was the significance of the
war?
–
WWI turned into a Total War which
affected the home front and
government a lot. It affected women too
because with the absence of men they
were expected to take over more jobs
and help out with the war effort. They
received the rights to new jobs, to vote,
and the right to apartments.
Planned Economies
•
What was planned economies?
– An economy controlled by the government,
for example, when European
governments decided price of goods,
wages of the people, and the rent people
had to pay. They Also Rationed food and
materials and controlled imports, exports,
transportation and industries.
•
Where/ Who used planned economies?
– Europe
•
When did these take place?
– During WWI
•
Why were these used?
– Planned economies were set up as a
result of Total War and the high demands
of the war.
•
What was the significance of planned
economies?
– The planned economies that the
government set up had a large impact on
the civilians at home and caused their
support of the war to dis
Lawrence of Arabia
• Who is Lawrence of Arabia?
– He was a British officer in Arabia.
• What did he do?
– He encourages the Arab princes to
revolt against the Ottoman forces
who controlled them.
• When did he do this?
– 1917
• Why did he do this?
– Lawrence did this because it led to
the fall of the Ottoman Empire which
allowed Britain to mobilize in the
Middle East.
• What is the significance of
Lawrence?
– Since the middle east was now
involved with the war, Lawrence of
Arabia was a key player in the
widening of the war.
Admiral Holtzendorff
•
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Who was Admiral Holtzendorff
– A German Naval Officer
When was this?
– 1917
What did he do?
– When the emperor was concerned
about the United States he falsely
assumed the Emperor “I give your
majesty my word as an officer that not
one American will land on the
continent.”
Why did he do this?
– He gave the Emperor his assurance to
convince him to break the dead lock in
the war by resuming submarine warfare.
What was his significance?
– Since Admiral Holtzendorff convinced
the Emperor to use submarine warfare,
the United States entered the war.
Battle of the Marne
•
Who was involved in this battle?
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Where did this battle occur?
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This battle was an attack from the
French (who arrived in taxicabs) that
turned into a stalemate due to the
strategy of using trenches.
Why did this battle occur?
–
•
The Battle of the Marne began in 1914
and lasted four years.
What happened in this battle?
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•
This battle occurred near Paris, where
the Germans were passing through.
When did this battle take place?
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•
The French and the Germans
The Schlieffen Plan included that the
Germans must move through France,
passing Paris. This plan would enable
them to surround the French army,
which is why the French had to attack
before they could.
Why is this battle significant to
WWI?
–
This battle is significant because
people believed that the war would only
last for a few weeks while this battle
alone lasted 4 years.
This map shows the Schlieffen Plan,
the Germans plan to sweep by Paris is
illustrated in red arrows.
Battle of Tannenberg
• Who was involved in this battle?
– Russia and Germany.
• Where did this battle take place?
– Germany
• When did this battle occur?
– 1914
• What happened during this battle?
– Russia invaded German ground only
to be surrounded and defeated by
German forces.
• What significance did this battle
hold?
– This battle was significant because
the Germans, who thought of Russia
as their greatest threat, won this
battle so that Russia was no longer a
threat.
Battle at the Masurian Lakes
• Who fought in this battle?
– The Russians and the Germans
• When did this battle occur?
– September 1914
• Where did this battle occur?
– Near the Masurian Lakes in Germany.
• What happened in this battle?
– In this battle the Germans pushed the
opposing Russians back across the front and
eventually pushed them out of Germany.
• Why did the battle happen?
– The Russians were a great threat to
Germany and if they didn’t attack then, then
the Russians would gain advantage over the
Germans.
• What is the significance of this battle?
– This battle messed up Russian’s plan in the
war until the next spring.
Soldiers at Masurian Lake
during the war.
Battle of Verdun
•
Where did this battle happen?
– Verdun-sur-meuse, France
•
When did this battle occur?
– February 21 to December 19, 1916.
•
Who was involved in this battle?
– The Germans and the French
•
What was the Battle of Verdun?
– One of the longest and most gruesome battles
of World War 1. By the end of the battle, the
French pushed the Germans back to their
starting positions, the Germans also lost one of
their forts.
•
Why did this battle occur?
– Since a stalemate was developed during 1914
due to trench warfare, all attempts to
breakthrough by the Germans failed. Erich
von Falkenhan decided to do a bold attack on
the French since he believed they could be
defeated if they suffered enough casualties
and the German forces outnumbered the
French greatly.
Battle of Gallipoli
• Who was involved with this battle?
– The British and the French against the
Ottoman Empire.
• Where did this battle occur?
– Istanbul
• When did this battle occur?
– April 1915 to January 1916.
• What happened at this battle?
– The British and the French attempted to
capture Istanbul, but failed.
• Why did this battle occur?
– The Allies needed a new front and by
defeating the Ottoman Empire, they
hoped that Bulgaria and Greece would
join the war too.
Lusitania
•
Who?
–
•
Where?
–
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The Lusitania was a British luxury liner,
which the German used unrestricted
submarine warfare to attack and sink.
Why?
–
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May 7, 1915
What was the Lusitania?
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North Atlantic
When did it sink?
–
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British
Britain had set up a naval blockade of
Germany which enabled Germany to
receive supplies by sea so they sunk
liners to break the blockade and to
enforce their own blockade on Britain.
What was the significance of the
Lusitania being sunk?
–
Its attack was one of the things that led
the United States to join the war since
there were over a hundred Americans
on the Lusitania when it sunk.
The Lusitania liner
Zimmerman Telegram
•
Who?
–
•
Where?
–
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The Zimmerman Telegram was an encrypted telegram sent
from Germany to Mexico asking to form an alliance opposing
the United States, the British deciphered the telegram and
presented it to President Woodrow Wilson.
Why?
–
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1917
What?
–
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Germany to Mexico
When?
–
•
German Foreign Secretary, Arthur Zimmerman
The United States remained neutral, but if they entered the
wary they would be a great threat to the Germans.
What significance does the telegram have?
–
The discovery of this telegram lead the United States to join
the war almost directly.
The Russian Revolution
• While explaining the Russian Revolution, this project will
talk about:
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Soviets
War Communism
Grigori Rasputin
Alexander Kerensky
Czar Nicholas II
Bolsheviks
Lenin
Trotsky
Petrograd
Ukraine
Siberia
Brest Litovsk
Soviets
•
What?
– This council was made of
representatives from the workers
and soldiers.
•
When?
– March 1917
•
Where?
– Petrograd, Russia
•
Who?
– Russians
•
Significance?
– They were in army units, factory
towns, and rural areas. They
mostly consisted of socialists. The
Soviets represented the interests
of the lower class. They wanted to
gain power.
Propaganda poster
for Soviet Union
War Communism
•
What?
– War Communism was when the
government controlled banks and
most of the industries. The
government seized grain from
peasants and controlled
centralization of State
administration under communist
control.
•
When?
– 1918-1921
•
Where/who?
– Russia
•
Significance?
– The communist used War
Communism to ensure supplies
for the Red Army, and to take
control of many things. Also, the
communist had an advantage
over the white army because they
had the Allied forces fighting for
them too.
Causes of the Russian Revolution
• Lack of responsible military
leaders
• Incapability to produce weapons
for the military which caused the
Russian army to send men into
battle with nothing but their hands.
• Nicholas II taking personally
taking charge of military forces
despite his inexperience in
training and war.
• The lack of preparation for the war
that caused the result of great loss
of soldiers.
Dead Russian Soldiers
Steps to Complete Communism Control
• The steps that lead to full
communist control of Russia in
1921 were:
– War Communism was used to
strengthen the Red Army
– Communist created the Cheka to create
a “Red Terror” to scare the regime of
the Communist, and it is believed that
fear is equal to respect.
– The presence of the Allie forces, who
were against the communist, in the
country made the support of
communism seem like a patriotic act.
Cheka Emblem
Grigori Rasputin
•
Who?
–
•
When?
–
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He claimed himself to be a holy man
and was able to convince Alexandria,
Czar Nicholas’ wife, that he was.
Why?
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Russia
What did he do?
–
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Around 1916
Where?
–
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An uneducated Siberian Peasant.
She believed him because he seemed
to be able to stop the bleeding of her
son Alexis who had hemophilia which
enables the blood to clot.
Significance?
–
He was important behind the throne
since Alexandria believed he was holy
and she made the decisions since Czar
Nicholas II was gone at war.
Propaganda Poster
symbolizing the way Grigori
Rasputin influenced Russian
rule.
Alexander Kerensky
•
What?
– He was head of the provisional government
after Czar Nicholas stepped down from his
position. He decided to carry on the war
even after he did so.
•
Why?
– He made this decision because he thought it
would sustain Russia’s honor.
•
When?
– March 12, 1917
•
Where?
– Russia
•
Significance?
– His decision was significant because it was
considered a “major blunder”. The civilians
wanted to end the war who were tired of
dealing with the effects the war had.
Czar Nicholas II
•
Who?
–
•
What did he do during the Russian Revolution?
–
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He tried to shut down the strike and the Duma
because he knew they didn’t agree with his ideas
and because they didn’t want him in office.
What was the significance of his decisions?
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•
During the Russian Revolution he made many
decisions that caused his people to turn against him.
He made the insensitive command that the troops
were to use violence (such as shooting) to break up
the strikes against the Autocracy. Instead of listening
to him, they joined the strike because they disagreed
with his inhumane order. He also tried to shut down
the Duma and in return, they established the
provisional government who urged him to give up his
position.
Why?
–
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Ruler of Russia
The significance of his decisions was that they led to
the downfall of his role in the Russian government
which ended the Romanov dynasty as well.
When did he step down from his position?
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March 15, 1917
Bolsheviks
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What were Bolsheviks?
– They were a group that wanted to
destroy the capitalist system. The
Bolsheviks started as a small faction
of Marxist party called the Russian
Social Democrats. They were lead
by Vladimir Ilyich Ulianov.
When?
– 1917-1921
Who was the leader of the Bolsheviks?
– V.I.Lenin
Where did they start and end up during
their act?
– Russia
What was the significance of the
Bolsheviks?
– They tried to gain power, and
overthrow the provisional
government. The Bolsheviks
promised an end to the war, and
that all the peasants would get their
land back.
Bolsheviks marching throughout
Russia
V. I. Lenin
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What was the role of V. I. Lenin?
– He was the leader of the
Bolsheviks, who believed that
only violent revolution could
destroy the capitalist system.
When…?
– 1900-1917
Where did he try and seize power?
– Russia
Why did he want to gain power?
– He wanted the Bolsheviks to
work toward gaining control of
these groups and then use them
to overthrow the provincial
government?
What was the significance of V. I.
Lenin?
– He tried to conquer the
government, for the peace of his
people.
The picture on the left is a picture of V.
I. Lenin and the one on the right is V. I.
Lenin talking to the Bolsheviks.
Leon Trotsky
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•
•
•
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What did he do?
– He was responsible for making the Red Army
well disciplined so that the Communists won
the civil war.
Why was he responsible?
– Since he was a commissar of war, he
“reinstated the draft” and expected extreme
discipline. If soldiers disobeyed him, they
were exterminated on the spot.
When did the Civil war occur?
– 1918 to 1920.
Where did this Civil war occur?
– Russia
What the significance of Leon Trotsky being part
of the Civil war?
– His training led to the largely successful
Communist defeat of the other side of the
Civil war in Russia.
Propaganda Poster of Leon
Trotsky
Petrograd
•
What and where was Petrograd?
– A city in Russia, also known as Saint
Petersburg, where a collection of revolts
that demanded “Peace and Bread” and
the fall of the Autocracy from women.
•
Who?
– The women of Petrograd, the
government, and Czar Nicholas
•
When?
– 1917
•
Why did the strikes break out here?
– The government rationed their food, due
to the war, and the price of break
increased greatly. The women had to
wait in line for long periods of time which
conflicted with their schedules since they
worked 12 hours a day.
•
What significance did Petrograd hold?
– Petrograd is where the strikes that led to
the soldiers to loose support in Czar
Nicholas which led to him stepping down
from his position.
Ukraine
•
Who?
– V.I. Lenin and Germany
•
What?
– Ukraine was one of the countries given up when Lenin,
the leader of the Bolsheviks, signed the Treaty of
Brest-Litovsk with Germany.
•
When did this happen?
– 1918
•
Where did this occur?
– Russia
•
Why where they given up?
– They were given up because due to the socialist
revolution, the Ukraine and the other countries that
were given up, didn’t matter in V.I. Lenin’s eyes. Also,
Lenin promised peace to the Russians.
•
What was the significance?
– The significance of Ukraine being given up is that it
ended the fighting between Germany and Russia,
even though they Russia still didn’t have peace due to
the civil warfare.
Siberia
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•
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What happened in Siberia?
– The Communist’s first threat was from Siberia.
From Siberia the white force, an anti-communist
force, attacked the Communist army (the red
army)
Who was involved?
– Russia (the Red Force and the White Force)
When did this happen?
– 1918 through 1921 is when the fighting occurred.
Where?
– Russia
Why?
– Groups against Communism joined the Allies
which resulted in the Allies sending troops which
gave the anti-communist the means to go into
battle.
What was the significance of the fighting in Siberia?
– It was the first threat that lead to the fighting in
the civil war.
Brest Litovsk
• What was the Brest Litovsk?
– A peace treaty signed by Lenin with
Germany. It gave up Ukraine, Finland,
and the Baltic provinces to Germany.
• When was it signed?
– March 3, 1918
• Where?
– Russia
• Why?
– Lenin gave away his territories to
Germany because he wanted peace.
• What was the significance of this treaty?
– The significance of this treaty is that it
made peace between a country and their
biggest threat. It offered safety and
peace for V.I. Lenin and his people.
On this map, the land that the Central Powers occupied after the treaty was signed is highlighted in pink.
The End of the War
• While explaining the end of the war, this
document will talk about:
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Armiciste
Reparation
Mandate
Erich von Ludendorff
Friedrich Ebert
David Lloyd George
Georges Clemenceau
Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points
Second Battle of the Marne
Armistice
•
Who created the Armistice?
– The Germany government
•
Where was it created?
– Germany
•
When was it created?
– November 11, 1918
•
What was the Armistice?
– The Armistice was an agreement that Germany
signed to end the fighting.
•
Why did Germany sign this treaty?
– Germany started to act against and control
civilian and military offices, this caused William II
to leave the country. With a new democratic
republic, Germany agreed to sign the truce.
•
What was the significance of the passing of this
treaty?
– The significance of this treaty is that it ended the
war in Germany, which had huge affect on
Germany for obvious reasons.
Newspaper article announcing the
signing of the armistice
Reparations
•
Who ordered reparations?
– George Clemenceau of France
•
Where did he order them from?
– Germany
•
When?
– 1918
•
What where reparations?
– Reparations were payments that George Clemenceau
wanted paid to France from Germany. Germany
agreed to pay the allies reparations in the Treaty of
Versailles.
•
Why?
– France wanted revenge against Germany for attacking
them, also the payments protected France from future
German “aggressions”.
•
What was the significance of the reparations?
– The reparations were result of the end of the war and
the payments were example of how France made the
Germans pay for the war.
Erich von Ludendorff
•
What did he do?
– He made the rash decision to attack American
troops.
•
Where was he from?
– Germany
•
Who was he?
– He was a Germany military leader.
•
When did he make this decision?
– March 1918
•
Why did he make this decision?
– He did this in attempt to break the stale mate
between Germany and the United States.
•
What was the significance of Ludendorff?
– At the Second Battle of the Marne the battle
ended and the German leaders where
eventually informed from Ludendorff that they
had lost and that the war was coming to an
end.
Friedrich Ebert
•
Who was Friedrich Ebert?
– He was the leader of the Social Democrats
•
What did the Social Democrats do under his rule?
– A democratic republic was created.
•
Where?
– Germany
•
When?
– November 1918
•
Why?
– He created the democratic republic because
William II left therefore a new government had to
be created.
•
Friedrich Ebert
What was the significance of Ebert creating this
form of government?
– The new government that Social Democrats helped
create signed an armistice that ended the fighting
in Germany.
Symbol of Social
Democracy
David Lloyd George
• Who was David Lloyd George?
– He was the Prime Minister of Great Britain
• What did he do?
– He wanted revenge on the Germans.
• Why did he want this?
– He wanted revenge on the Germans
because he believed that it was their fault
that World War 1 occurred.
• When did all of this happen?
– December 1918
• Where?
– Great Britain
• What was the significance of David
Lloyd George?
– He made important decisions at the Paris
Peace Conference and his opinions of the
Germans affected them.
Georges Clemenceau
• Who was Georges Clemenceau?
– He was the Premier of France or the French
Statesman.
• What did he do?
– He called upon revenge on Germany, he
wanted all the weapons removed from
Germany and vast payments, reparations,
paid to France, and a state between France
and Germany.
• Where was he?
– France
• When?
Clemenceau and other Allie leaders
at the Versailles Peace Conference
(third from the left)
– 1917-1918
• What was the significance of
Clemenceau and his actions?
– His influence lead to a compromise that
allowed the guarantee of France’s security.
Second Battle of the Marne
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When did this battle occur?
– July 1918
What happened in result of this battle?
– The Germans attacked but the France’s
counter-attack “overwhelmed” the
German’s and they lost the battle and
suffered from a large amount of
casualties.
Why did this battle occur?
– Erich Ludendorff thought that attack
against the French would result in a
victory.
What was the significance of this battle?
– The defeat of the Germans stopped the
invasion of Flanders by the Germans.
Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points
• Who?
• Woodrow Wilson, the United States
President.
• What was this?
• The Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points was a
peace treaty that represented Wilson’s
idea of independence and equality
between nations and states, unlike the
Treaty of Versailles which included the
idea of revenge and punishment against
those who lost the war.
• When was it developed?
• 1918
• Why was this treaty created?
• The treaty was created to reduce the use
of military and weapons and to ensure the
rights of the people to have their own
nation.
Woodrow Wilson
The Impact of the Great War
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Mortality Rates
Monetary Costs
Innovations
Painting
Poetry and Writing
Enviroment
Pacifism
Mortality Rates
• How many people,
both military and
civilian, were killed or
wounded on both
sides?
• About 19 million
people.
Monetary Costs
• What was the monetary costs of the war
for both sides?
• Around 337 billion.
Innovations
• What innovations in military warfare
occurred during World War 1?
– War communism occurred because it made
sure that the military had the supplies they
needed.
Poetry and Writing
• How did the slaughter
of World I affect
British, French, and
German poets and
writers?
– Famous poetry from
this time period was
very dark and
depressing. Most likely
due from the terrible
loss of so many
people.
"How to Die"
Dark clouds are smouldering into red
While down the craters morning burns.
The dying soldier shifts his head
To watch the glory that returns;
He lifts his fingers toward the skies
Where holy brightness breaks in flame;
Radiance reflected in his eyes,
And on his lips a whispered name.
You'd think, to hear some people talk,
That lads go West with sobs and
curses,
And sullen faces white as chalk,
Hankering for wreaths and tombs and
hearses.
But they've been taught the way to do it
Like Christian soldiers; not with haste
And shuddering groans; but passing
through it
With due regard for decent taste.
This is a poem written during WWI by
Siegried Sassoon
Painting
•
How did the slaughter of World War I
affect British, French, and German
painters?
Max Beckmann, Der Kriegsausbruch 1914
Roger de la Fresnaye, L'artillerie (Artillery), 1911
Otto Dix, Selbstbildnis als Soldat, 1914
Frank Brangwyn, Tank in Action
Environment
• What was the impact of the war on the
French environment?
– Great damage was done to the French
environment due to warfare.
Pacifism
• How did the Great War contribute to the
rise of an international movement of
Pacifism?
– The brutality of this war opened the eyes of
many people during this time period.
Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points is based greatly
on Pacifism.
Citations
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“Friedrich Ebert- Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.”
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Ebert> October 29, 2006.
“Clemenceau.” <http://www.lib.byu.edu/~rdh/wwi/bio/c/clemnceu.html> October 29,
2006.
“Armistice with Germany (Compiegne)”. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:NYTimesPage1-11-11-1918.jpg> October 29, 2006.
“Ludendorff.” <http://www.lib.byu.edu/~rdh/wwi/bio/l/ludendrf.html> October 29, 2006.
“Social Democracy- Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.”
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Democracy> October 29, 2006.
“Treaty of Brest-Litovsk- Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.”
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk> October 29, 2006.
“Leon Trotsky- Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.”
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Trotsky> October 29, 2006.
“Image:Council of Four Versailles.”
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Council_of_Four_Versailles.jpg> October 29,
2006.
“First World War.com.” <http://www.firstworldwar.com/battles/marne2.htm> October
29, 2006.
Citations
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“Second Battle of the Marne, Wikipedia- the free encyclopedia.”
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Marne> October 29, 2006.
“Photo Essay 2.world war.” <http://www.lamedon.de/wk2/wk2-f16_en.html> October
29, 2006.
“War World I.” <http://www.iq.poquoson.org/noman.jpg> October 29, 2006.
“1914-18 war – Art of the First World War.” <http://www.art-ww1.com/gb/visite.html>
October 29, 2006.
“British War Poetry- WWI.” <http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1914warpoets.html>
October 29, 2006.
“Vladimir Lenin- Wikipedia, a free encyclopedia.”
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V._I._Lenin> October 29, 2006.
“Russia Civil War- Wikipedia, a free encyclopedia.”
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Civil_War> October 29, 2006.
“Battle of Verdun- Wikipedia, a free encyclopedia.”
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Verdun> October 29, 2006.
“Lawrence of Arabia- Wikipedia, a free encyclopedia.”
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_of_Arabia> October 29, 2006.
“Trenches on the Web.” <http://www.worldwar1.com/biohff2.htm> October 23, 2006.
“Trenches on the Web.” <http://www.worldwar1.com/bioczar.htm> October 23, 2006.
“Wilhelm II.” <http://www.lib.byu.edu/~rdh/wwi/bio/w/willyii.html> October 23, 2006.
“Image: Schleiffen Plan.jpg.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Schlieffen_Plan.jpg
October 26, 2006.