Transcript Rapid SPF country assessments & SPF national dialogues

Overview of ILO tools and
methods
Celine Felix, Jo Hyung Kyu
ILO Decent Work Team, Bangkok
SPF rapid assessment, costing and design: from tools
and methodology to practical implementation
Bangkok, 14 November 2010
Decent Work for All
ASIAN DECENT WORK DECADE 2006-2015
Table of contents
1.
What do countries need to design and implement their
social protection strategies?
A.
B.
C.
2.
Reliable social security data
Introducing coherence in a process in which diversity governs
A prioritizing and inclusive policy
Existing ILO instruments for policy analysis,
formulation, planning and implementation
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
The Social Security Inquiry
Legislative tools
The Social Protection Floor and the staircase
The Rapid assessment and costing tools
The Social Protection Expenditure Review and Social Budget
GESS, The webplatform on the extension
What do countries need to design and implement
their social protection strategies?





A.
Reliable social security data
•
It is a prerequisite: social protection data give a picture of existing
schemes, their financing and the ‘tax windows’ which could be open
+ necessary elements for good governance and policy making – M&E
•
Consistent information and statistics are needed about
Macroeconomic picture of existing social security schemes, the sources of
financing
Vulnerable groups, the contributory capacity of these groups
Legislation passed to define the existing legal framework
Actors involved in the design as well as the implementation processes
Design of actual schemes: actual level, scope and extent of coverage, level
of benefits, mechanisms used.
What do countries need to design and implement
their social protection strategies?
A.
Reliable social security data (foll.)
•



The status of social protection databases in our countries?
Incomplete quantitative knowledge-base on social in many countries;
It does not follow international statistical standards
> lack of means and expertise + reluctance of some key
actors, at the national or/and the scheme level in making the
procedures and practices transparent.
To mitigate the lack of consistent : The Social Security Inquiry,
Social Security Worldwide (SSW) – ISSA, Global Socio-Economic
Security database, European System of integrated Social Protection
Statistics (ESSPRO), Social Security Programs Throughout the
World (U.S. Social Security Administration).
What do countries need to design and implement
their social protection strategies?
B. Introducing coherence in a process in which
diversity governs
•
•
Diversity of actors involved: in the design and implementation of
SP strategy, in the administration, financial management, etc. at all
levels
 Need for a clear legal definition of the roles of the different actors
in the provision of social security. These roles should be
complementary while achieving the highest possible level of
protection and coverage.
Plurality of mechanisms: Contributory and non contributory,
statutory programs, community-based schemes, etc.
 Linkages can be established between these different mechanisms,
mainly statutory and non-statutory schemes to create possible
economies of scale, extend coverage to vulnerable population
unreached by statutory schemes, and enhance the administration of
community-based schemes
What do countries need to design and implement
their social protection strategies?
B. Introducing coherence in a process in which
diversity governs (foll.)
•
Variety of resources:
To assist in this process: Social Protection Strategies and action plans,
SPF and staircase, SPER and Social Budget, fiscal space analysis
(ILO/IMF) etc.
What do countries need to design and implement
their social protection strategies?
C.
A prioritizing and inclusive policy
•
Given financial restraints, need to develop several policy options
and prioritize: Which vulnerable group to start with? What package to
choose?
A technical enlightenment of political decisions: Decisions based
on a rational choice and a political decision. For pop. acceptance, the
decision process needs to be transparent and should include all
stakeholders
•
Technical
Political
Social protection = vision of
society which embraces
solidarity
What do countries need to design and implement
their social protection strategies?
C.
A prioritizing and inclusive policy (foll.)
•
The social security strategy is its inclusion in a larger policy program
To assist in this process: Rapid assessment or Assessment, GESS
platform, Social Budget, C102 etc.
Table of contents
1.
What do countries need to design and implement their
social protection strategies?
A.
B.
C.
2.
Reliable social security data
Introducing coherence in a process in which diversity governs
A prioritizing and inclusive policy
Existing ILO instruments for policy analysis,
formulation, planning and implementation
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
The Social Security Inquiry
Legislative tools
The Social Protection Floor and the staircase
The Rapid assessment and costing tools
The Social Protection Expenditure Review and Social Budget
GESS, The webplatform on the extension
Existing ILO instruments: The Social
Security Inquiry
Building a knowledge base at the global level
Main objective
 Objective: Collect, store and disseminate, on a regular and
sustainable basis, comparable statistics on the financing, expenditure,
benefit levels & coverage of social security systems/programmes.
 Rationale: Address the lack of (comparable) social security statistics
outside the OECD world
Collected information should
 Allow calculation of indicators for specific social security schemes &
selected aggregate indicators at national level for as many countries
as possible (including decent work indicators with respect to its social
security dimension);
 Constitute a basis for analysis within the framework of studies and
research work; (e.g. the World Social Security Report)
 Possibly contribute to practical tools such as the SPF rapid
assessment (overview of SP activities at the national level)
 Be accessible to internal and external users (but regulated)
Existing ILO instruments: The Social Security
Inquiry (foll.)
•
Covers both statutory schemes and some non-statutory schemes
•
Covers both private and public schemes
•
Type of data | Mainly administrative from social security institutions
which administer the scheme: administrative. Household survey data for a
few (too few) countries
Functions covered
 Old age; disability; survivors; sickness and health; unemployment;
employment injury & occupational disease; family/children, and
maternity (C102).
 Supplemented by housing; other income support and assistance
(n.e.c.) /social exclusion
Compatibility | Systematic approach compatible with existing statistical
frameworks used in the EU (ESSPROS) and the OECD
Focus on developing countries (EU and OECD countries being
covered by existing databases — expenditure data at least)
Existing ILO instruments: Social Security
Inquiry (foll.) - Channels for data collection
 Channel 1 | Data collection at the country level
– Ideally: direct entry online by social security institutions
– Reality: A national coordinator and hard work of identifying
schemes and looking for information or including data
available in annual or statistical reports of national social
security institutions
 Channel 2 | Including data from available international
sources and promoting the use of the social security inquiry
methodology and tool by other organisations (ISSA, ADB,
others)
–
–
–
Data from the ISSA statistical database on social security in
developing countries included in SSI
ADB Social Protection Index data [Expenditure & beneficiaries]
OECD SOCX Social expenditure database: “Automatized” import
into the social security inquiry (under development for ESPROSS)
Existing ILO instruments: Social Security Inquiry
What?
National level
 Economic & financial information
 Population & Employment
Used as denominator for indicators
 Social security expenditure &
1. Generic text… to be customised
revenue (IMF, ESSPROS)
Sources
 International data sources
(automatic insertion)
 National sources
Scheme level
2. Data availability in SSI Thailand
& main limitations
3. Main social security
institutions websites, statistical
office, Gess country profile if any,
etc.
 SSI Core data
 Social security institutions |
individual scheme data
 Data entry online possible
Automatic calculation of national
aggegate indicators
Existing ILO instruments: Legal
instruments
• Convention 102 (1952) -flagship of the 8 up-to-date social security
Conventions, sets a framework of common important basic social
security principles on which any social security system should be
based to encourage the widest development of social security
schemes;
• Defines the 9 classical branches of social security and sets
minimum standards for each with regard to
– a minimum level of benefits to be paid in case of occurrence of one of
the contingencies
– the percentage of the population to be at least protected in case of
occurrence of one of the contingencies
– the conditions for and periods of entitlement to the prescribed benefits
• Includes several flexibility clauses, allowing ratifying member States
to gradually attain universal coverage
• Only one ratification in the region…
Existing ILO instruments: Legal
instruments (foll.)
– The ratification process is an opportunity to verify if the national
legislation complies with these minimum requirements
– If it does not the ILO supports the review of the legislation and
modification of practice so that they progressively comply with the
minimum requirements; therefore the social security situation of
the country is enhanced
– Ratification guarantees also the sustainability of the SS system
– It enhances the confidence of insured persons in the scheme
and in the national Social Security administration in general
– It prevents countries from slipping back and it has a great
impact on the SS coverage and the reduction of poverty
– States that ratify will benefit on a priority basis from ILO experience
in the field of Social protection and from technical assistance,
including policy advice and actuarial studies, collection of data,
drafting of legislation, etc.
Existing ILO instruments: The Social
Protection Floor and the Staircase
• A UN development framework
• A set of basic social rights, services and facilities that
each member of society should enjoy. Notion of
availability and accessibility
• The SPF is a set of guarantees
Allows flexibility as to the delivery mode and combinations
of different systems (universal, targeted, social insurance
etc. ) to be shaped within a framework of nationally
specific institutional structures, economic constraints,
political dynamics and social inspirations
 It Provides an outcome focus
• A federative concept
• It is not codified in any ILO social security Convention
Existing ILO instruments: The Social
Protection Floor and the Staircase (foll.)
Vertical dimension (higher levels of benefits for
those who can contribute)
100% full
coverage
Intermediate
coverage
Partially contributory
& linked schemes
Voluntary
private insurance
Statutory
contributory social
insurance
Basic benefits / social protection floor for all.
Basic
Non contributory for the poor; other groups may contribute …
coverage
Poor and
Informal
Private sector
Civil servants
near poor
economy
employees
Armed forces
Horizontal dimension
(SPF & schemes for informal economy)
Existing ILO instruments: the
rapid assessment
INVENTORY & DESCRIPTION OF
SPF components already in place
SP STOCKTACKING & MAPPING
PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS
PRIORITY AREAS FOR INTERVENTION
ANALYSIS OF THE SPF
Identify coverage gaps & other issues:
1) Level/gaps of population coverage
2) Adequacy of the benefit to ensure
effective access
3) Level and quality of services
available
4) Management & Delivery issues,
coordination, M&E
PRIORITIES SETTING
How to further build a SPF tailored to the needs
and capacities of the country?
-Implement new SPF components?
-Scale up SPF schemes?
-Improve delivery of existing SPF components?
Existing ILO instruments: ILO-UNICEF
costing tool
• Objective: help SP national policy practitioners and
experts to examine the affordability/sustainability of
increasing the scope and extend of SP coverage by
providing concrete quantitative figures over 20 years
• Contributes to provide answers when
- Introducing a new benefit (benefit amount, coverage)
- Costing existing benefit over time (when status quo
or increase)
- Assess the impact on poverty (estimate of poverty
gap reduction)
- Situation analysis (ageing pop., dicriminatory labor
markets, etc.)
 It is a first step in the analysis of fiscal space
Existing ILO instruments: The SPER…
Existing ILO instruments: … and the Social
Budget
Actuarial Valuation of a SP reform: It answers one of
the 2 questions:
– How much SP can be provided with a given level of financial
resources?
– How much financial resources are necessary to provide a given
level of protection?
• The Social budget allows to monitor past, current and
future SP finances: where money goes and where do
resources come from?
• It is a methodologically consistent compilation of the
revenues and expenditures of a country’s SP system
forecast of income and expenditure (budget projection)
for normally a medium-term period and/or simulations of
social expenditure and revenues under alternative
economic, demographic and/or legislative assumptions
Existing ILO instruments: … and the Social
Budget (foll.)
• One of the most powerful tools for the quantitative
management of national social protection systems
• It is composed of:
– Demographic model: population projections
– Labour supply model: projections of the supply of
labour
– Economic model: projecting GDP, prices, wages,
labour productivity, labour demand (equals actual
employment) and unemployment Government budget
model, which describes revenues and expenditure of
the different administrative levels of government
– Social protection model: health, pension and other
submodels
http://www.socialsecurityextension.org
Concluding remarks…
-The rapid assessment is a starting point – crucial to allow
Assessment Based National Dialogue
- Estimates and assumptions are inevitable
- Good way to flag gaps – including data
-Can contribute to identify where the UN CEB Coalition could
provide support