Transcript Seamanship - Chapter 1 - St. Paul Sail and Power Squadron

®
Seamanship
Chapter 8
Marlinespike
®
Learning Objectives
 Marlinespike seamanship

encompasses the art and science of
working with rope and line.
With the completion of this material
the recreational boater should
understand knots, bends, hitches and
splices. It also includes the selection
and use of line and the proper care of
line.
USPS® Seamanship
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Definitions
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 Marlinespike
• A pointed tool used in splicing
to open the strands of rope or
cable.
 Marlinespike Seamanship
• General knowledge of knots,
bends, hitches, splices, and
care of rope.
USPS® Seamanship
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Definitions
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 Rope
• Cordage made of natural or synthetic
fibers, also can be made of steel wire.
 Line
• Name given rope aboard a boat. Each
line is given a specific name, such as:
anchor line, halyard, main sheet, spring
line or dock line. A few are still called
rope, as in bell rope.
USPS® Seamanship
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Definitions
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 Working Part
• Section of line used in forming a knot
 Standing Part
• The part of a line that is made fast
• The portion of the line not used in
forming a knot
• The part of the line around which the
knot may be tied
• In use, normally under strain.
USPS® Seamanship
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Definitions
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 Bitter End
• Inboard end of a line, chain or cable
• The end made fast to the boat
 Working End
• Attached to an anchor or cleat, etc.
USPS® Seamanship
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Definitions
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




Bight
Turn
Standing part
Free end
Turn
Round turn
Round Turn
Bight
Free End
Standing Part
USPS® Seamanship
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Choosing A Line
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 Braided
•
•
•
•
Diamond braid over a core
Easy on hands
High strength
Slippery
•
•
•
•
•
3 strands twisted
Tends to kink
Stretches more
Hard on hands
Inexpensive
 Common laid rope
USPS® Seamanship
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Rope Strengths
 Safe load is 20% of breaking strength
 Dacron® is the trade name for
polyesterfiber
Breaking Strength of Rope
Diameter
Inches
3/8
1/2
5/8
3/4
1
USPS® Seamanship
Manila
Pounds
1350
2650
4400
5400
9000
Nylon Polyesterfiber Polypropylene
Pounds
Pounds
Pounds
4000
3800
2150
7100
6500
3900
11000
10400
6000
15000
14400
8000
27000
24000
14400
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Effect of Knots
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 Lines are weakened by:
• Knots
• Splices
Strength of Knots and Splices
Precentage of Original Rope Strength
Figure Eight
45%
Overhand Knot
Square Knot
45%
Half Hitch
Sheet Bend
55%
Anchor Bend
Bowline
60%
Short Splice
Clove Hitch
60%
Eye Splice
USPS® Seamanship
60%
65%
75%
85%
90%
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Material
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 Nylon
• Strongest and most elastic
• Elasticity absorbs shock
• Good for anchoring and mooring
 Polyester (Dacron®)
• Minimum of stretch
• Good for running rigging aboard
sailboats
 Polypropylene
• Not as strong as nylon or dacron
• Subject to abrasion, chafe &
deterioration from sunlight
• Good point - it floats
USPS® Seamanship
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Chafing Gear
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 Protects line from


chafing on chocks
and hawse Pipes
Commercially
available
Home made using old
Water hose
USPS® Seamanship
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Coiling a Line
 Start by lacing line 1
over your hand
2
3
4
 Form generous
loops until line is
coiled
 Make two turns
around coil
 Feed working end
through coil
USPS® Seamanship
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Heaving a Line
 Tosser
• Splits line coil in half
• Tosses line
underhand to the
receivers side
 Receiver
• Holds an arm out as
a target.
• Lets line fall over an
out-stretched arm
USPS® Seamanship
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Basic Knots or Bends
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 A good knot is easy to tie and
easy to untie
 Knots or bends weaken line by
as much as 50%

USPS® Seamanship
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Cleat Hitch
 Take a 3/4 turn under
the horn away from the
load
 Lead the free end over
and under the opposite
horn
 Lead the free end over
and under the other
horn
 Tuck the free end under
the last turn
USPS® Seamanship
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Figure Eight
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 Start by forming an
underhand loop
 Lead the free end
under the standing
part
 Feed the free end
through the loop
formed by the
underhand loop
 Pull the knot tight
USPS® Seamanship
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Reef or Square Knot
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 Good Uses
• Furling sails
• Reefing sails
• Lashing small stuff
 Should not be used
for a varying load
USPS® Seamanship
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Sheet Bend
 Use to join two lines of
different diameter
• Form a bight in one line
• Lead the free end of the
second line through the
bight and around the
Standing part of the first
line
• Tuck the free end of the
second line under the
standing part of line two
• Snug up the bend
USPS® Seamanship
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Bowline
 Form an overhand
loop
 Feed the free end
through the loop
 Feed the free end
around the
standing part
 Feed the free end
into the loop
USPS® Seamanship
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



Clove Hitch
Form an underhand loop around the post
Lead the free end above the turn
Now form another underhand loop around the post
Use a half hitch as a “locking knot” to keep the clove
hitch from slipping
USPS® Seamanship
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Round Turn & Two Half Hitches
 Make a round turn
around the post or a ring
 Lead the free end around
the standing part
forming an underhand
loop
 Repeat the last step
USPS® Seamanship
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Anchor Bend
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 Take a round turn around



the anchor ring or a post
Make a turn around the
standing part
Feed the free end through
the center of the round
turn
Make a round turn around
the standing part and snug
up the bend
USPS® Seamanship
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Rolling Hitch
 Make a round turn around the standing part


of a second line or post
Lead the line above the round turn
Make a turn around the line
USPS® Seamanship
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Common Whipping
 Whipping
• Used to keep the end
of a line from
unraveling
 Methods
• With ‘small stuff’ or
twine
• Taping
• Liquid whip
• Melting nylon line
ends
USPS® Seamanship
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Caring for Lines
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
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
Overloading
Avoid kinks & sharp bends
Avoid chemicals
Protect against chafing
Regular cleaning
USPS® Seamanship
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Caring for Lines
 Stow carefully
 Coiling
 Flemishing
USPS® Seamanship
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Winch
 Start by wrapping the line clockwise
 Pile the wraps up from the bottom to

the top
Make more turns for a heaver load
The correct way to
wrap a line around a
winch.
This will not jam.
USPS® Seamanship
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®
Winch
This is the
incorrect way to
lead a line to a
winch.
This will jam.
USPS® Seamanship
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Blocks and Tackle
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 Block
• A nautical name for a pulley
 Sheave
• Roller in a block over which a line passes
as it goes through the block
 Tackle
• Arrangement of line and blocks used to
provide increased mechanical advantage
 Winch
• Geared drum turned by a handle and
used to pull lines such as sheets and
halyards
USPS® Seamanship
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Blocks and Tackles
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A
B
C
D
1:1
2:1
3:1
4:1
USPS® Seamanship
E
5:1
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Making an Eye Splice
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A B
a
b
c
B
C
A
a
b
c
 Step 1
USPS® Seamanship
C
 Step 2
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Making an Eye Splice
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B
A
C
b
Step 3
USPS® Seamanship
C
A
a
a
c
B
c
b
 Step 4
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Making an Eye Splice
 Step 5

USPS® Seamanship
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Chapter 8
USPS® Seamanship
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