Transcript an upward trend/a rising trend

an upward trend
(a rising trend)
a downward trend
(a falling trend)
to skyrocket
to surge
to soar
to jump
to peak/reach a peak
to drop
to plummet
to crash
to tumble
CHANGING DIRECTION to bottom out
to recover
to rebound
Change of direction
to bottom out
to recover
to rebound
to revive
to hit a record low
to hit a record high
to remain stable
to remain constant
NO CHANGE
•to remain stable
•to level off/out
•to stay at the same level
•to remain constant
•to stagnate
•to stabilize
to stabilise
a dramatic fall
a substantial increase
The amount of INCREASE can also be
indicated using these verbs:
•
•
•
•
•
•
to halve (1/2) – a decrease
to double (x2)
to triple/to treble (x3)
quadruple (x4)
to increase tenfold (x10)
to increase twelve times (x12)
Peaks and troughs
• If a figure rises to a level and then stops
rising, remaining at that level, it levels
off/out and remains steady or stable.
• If a figure reaches its highest level – a
peak – and then goes down, it peaks at
that level.
• If it reaches its lowest level – a trough –
and then bottoms out, it falls to that level
and then starts rising again.
Boom and bust
• A boom is when there is rising demand, and other
indicators are strong.
• Stagnation is when the economy is growing
slowly, or not at all.
• Stagflation is when slow growth is combined with
prices that are increasing fast.
• Recession is a period when there is negative
growth, a period when the economy is producing
less. A slump is a very bad recession. A
depression is a very bad slump.
Adjectives can be used to describe the degree or speed of
change. Do you know the corresponding adverbs ?
A dramatic fall
An abrupt rise
to fall …………………
to rise ………………..
A sudden decline
A moderate grow
A slight increase
A rapid drop
to decline ………………
to grow ………………
to increase ……………..
to drop …………………
A gradual decline
A steady recover
Erratic sales
to decline ……………
to recover ……………
to sell …………………..
A constant levelling off
to level off ………………
Complete the paragraph with these prepositions:
OF, TO, BY, AT, UNDER, FROM
AT
At the end of April, sales stood ____
FROM a previous
$150m, having risen ____
OF
UNDER $100m. Over
low point ____
just ____
the next couple of months they rose
OF
steadily to reach a peak ____
$190m.
BY
They then fell sharply ____
$35m
towards the end of July, but crept up
TO
again in August ____
$160m.
No change in Eurozone rates
Read the newspaper extract. Fill in the blanks with IN or OF.
The European Central Bank has left interest rates
unchanged despite worries over the German
economy. The last time there was a fall ___
IN
interest rates was on 10 May, when the bank
OF 0.25%, bringing the key
announced a cut ___
interest rate for the Eurozone countries to 4.5%.
The decision came hours after official figures
IN employment in
showed a surprising increase ___
Germany. Analysts had been forecasting a rise
OF 55,000 but the official figures reported an
___
increase ___
OF 18,000, taking the total to just under
four million. The ECB is also facing the problem of
IN Eurozone inflation. The
a sharp increase ___
OF 0.3% has pushed the annual rate to
increase ___
2.9%, compared with a target ___
OF 2%.
Choose the correct words.
1. There was a slightly/slight rise in profits last
month.
2. We rose/increased our profits slightly/slight last
month.
3. There was a sharp fall in/of our sales last
quarter.
4. Our sales fell by/of 6% last quarter.
5. We fell/recovered our market share last quarter.
6. Our share price hit/beat a low/down last month,
but it has since recuperated/recovered and now
stands at/in $3.89.
1. Our share price reached/met a top/peak
in May, but it’s fallen back since then.
2. Inflation is increasing slow/slowly at the
moment, in/by about 1% a year.
3. There is a slow/slowly increase in/of the
rate of inflation, of/by about 1% a year.
4. Operating profits went from $2.5m
to/until $3.1m.
5. Dividends paid to shareholders
raised/rose by 6%. Last year they fell/cut.
6. This year we raised/rose dividends to
shareholders. Last year we fell/cut them.
Decide whether the underlined words indicate an
upward movement (), a downward movement (), or
no movement at all ():
1. Shares have been stagnant recently.
2. There has been a collapse in the number
of orders.
3. Imports have plunged recently.
4. Home sales have skyrocketed.
5. Imports have slipped again.
6. Prices soared in the previous quarter.
UK SALES graph no.3
When demand decreased at the start of the year, UK sales fell sharply. They remained
steady until April, then rose again dramatically in the second quarter when the market
improved.
OUTPUT graph no. 5
The decrease in overseas sales caused a dramatic drop in output at the Birmingham plant
in the first quarter. There was a steady increase in the second when domestic sales
improved.
STOCK LEVELS graph no. 1
There was a steady decrease in stock levels at the Headingley plant in the first quarter
due to the introduction of a new inventory control system. The slight increase in the
second quarter was due to the rise in output.
PROFITS
graph no. 4
The profits of the plastics division have fallen steadily over the last five months due to
the fall in demand and increases in production costs. The slight rise in profits last month
was due to the recent price increases.
graph no. 2
PROFIT MARGIN
A sudden jump in the production costs of the Sarander caused a drop in the profit margin
in the first quarter. The margin remained the same in the second, due to a sharp fall in
the costs of components.
Put the following words in the correct place below:
a. spiral
c. stabilise
e. back on course
b. plummeted
d. crash
f. regain control
Financial institutions around the world are panicking
crash
after yesterday’s _________
on Wall Street. Share
prices ___________
plummeted as banks and lending
regain control
institutions struggled to __________________
of
the downward ______________
. At the close of
spiral
trading, the President announced that measures
stabilise
were being taken to _____________
the situation
and get the economy ________________
.
back on course
Choose the best way to complete these sentences:
1. Good news for investors. Interest rates are
stabilising / going through the roof.
2. Bad news for borrowers. Interest rates are
plunging / going through the roof.
3. Good news for industry. Interest rates are
plummeting / soaring.
4. The rescue plan never really soared / got off the
ground.
5. We are trying to get the economy on collision
course / back on course.
6. Industry is finally climbing into / out of recession.
DRAW GRAPHS USING THE FOLLOWING
INFORMATION:
•
•
•
•
•
•
After a sharp rise, sales levelled off during the period
September-November, when they plunged again at the
end of the year.
Despite a rise in May the situation worsened again in
June and prices slumped once more to another alltime low at the end of July.
Prices went up steadily during the period SeptemberNovember, before plunging yet again at the end of the
year.
After a three-year period of stability, the level of
investment rose suddenly.
Since the late 1990s, immigration has been rising in
most OECD countries. This followed a sharp downturn
from the start of the decade.
In 2001 sales in our region reached a peak of 24,000
units after which they slumped suddenly to 9,000 in the
following year.
DRAW GRAPHS USING THE FOLLOWING
INFORMATION:
• At the end of June, sales stood at $ 76m, having fallen
from a previous all-time high of $136m in May.
• After a sharp drop in 2000, orders recovered for twelve
months and then plummeted again in 2002.
• Prices started to bottom out in March and crept up
until the end of April when they plummeted again.
• Prices remained stable in July and August and even
went up steadily during the period SeptemberNovember before plunging yet again at the end of the
year.
• The share price reached a peak before falling a little
and then maintaining the same level.
• Euro-Disney shares have slipped back to 113p.
• Sales crashed last week following a slight
rise.
• After being stagnant for two years, share
prices reached a peak in 2003 after which
they plummeted quite unexpectedly.