Hinduism and Buddhism

Chapter 3 Section 2

The Beliefs of Hinduism Develop

• No single founder and no single sacred text – Many gods and goddesses and practices

Siva, god of destruction

Basic Hindu Beliefs

1. One force underlies everything – Brahma 2. Sacred texts reveal Hindu Beliefs – The Vedas Brahma 3. Achieving Moksha is the Goal of Life – This is union with Brahma – To achieve must free yourself from selfish desires

Karma and Dharma

• Karma = all actions of a persons life • • that affect his or her fate in the next life Reincarnation – Different class es Dharma = the religious and moral duties of an individual – Pacifist

The Caste System Shapes India

• Castes are social groups into which people are born and which can rarely be changed.

– Caste system guided everything – Strive for better class in next life – Preserved social order

Key Teachings of Buddha

• • Arose in the 6 th Century B.C. Founded by Siddhartha Gautama, known as Buddha or “Enlightened One”

From Boy to Buddha

• • • Born a prince and spoiled and sheltered Doesn’t witness suffering and death until age 29 Meditated under at tree until he understood the mystery of life

The Four Noble Truths

1. All life is full of suffering, pain, and sorrow 2. The cause of suffering is non-virtue, or negative deeds and mindsets such as hatred and desire 3. The only cure for suffering is to overcome non-virtue 4. The way to overcome non-virtue is to follow the eightfold path

Eightfold Path

• • • • Right views Right aspirations Right speech Right conduct • • • • Right livelihood Right effort Right mindfulness Right contemplation

Nirvana

• • Nirvana is the ultimate reality, the end of the self and a reunion with the Great World Soul No worshiping of Siddhartha or his image • Often viewed as philosophy not a religion.

Buddhism Spreads Beyond India

• • • The Tripitaka, collection of Buddha’s teachings Buddhism spreads to much of Asia, is little practiced in India today Hinduism absorbed Buddhist beliefs and Buddha

Buddhism Spreads and Divides: Two Major Sects • Theravada – Closely follows Buddha’s original teachings – Only monks and nuns could reach Nirvana • Mahayana – Made for ordinary people – Describes and afterlife with many heavens and hells

Compare and Contrast Poster

• Create a poster that compares and contrast Hinduism and Buddhism – – Include when they began How they began – – – Their beliefs and practices Locations Changes to the religions – Any other important information that you feel should be shared – Include a picture with caption to go with each religion

Poster

• • • • • • Categories: Who (founder) When (timeframe) Where (geography/map) Belief system and structure Religious Practices Other important information

Compare and Contrast Poster

  Hinduism Ultimate goal: Moksha, union with Brahman.

Originated with the Aryans Similarities  Karma  Dharma  Reincarnation   Buddhism Founded by Siddharta Gautama Ultimate goal: Nirvana, union with the universe.

Nirvana: For the Buddhists the final goal is Nirvana, which is a union with the universe, and a release from the cycle of rebirth.