Review!

1. What are the 5 Pillars of Islam?

2. Who is the founder of Islam?

3. Rank the religions of Christianity, Judaism, and Islam from oldest to youngest.

4. What is the difference between Sunni and Shia Muslims?

5. Do you think Muslims should be allowed to practice aspects of sharia law in the United States if they choose to?

Eastern Religions

Thanksgiving!

• • • What does your family do for Thanksgiving?

Do you eat any food diffused from other cultures?

In terms of Thanksgiving, do you think you have become assimilated into American culture?

Hinduism

Very different

• • • • • • Very old (3500-4000 years old) No central founder No main prophet Main holy book, but not only one—The Vedas Polytheistic Cultural Hearth—Indus River Valley, India

• • Ethnic religion 97% of Hindus live in India

• • Branches of Hinduism tend to focus on one God, but can worship others too Main gods: Vishnu, Brahma, and Siva

Brahma

• • • God of creation Created the universe Work now complete?

• • God of war and destruction Also destroys imperfection within people to make them better

Siva

• • • The preserver of the universe He/she keeps harmony between Brahma and Siva Most popular God in Hinduism today

Vishnu

The Caste System

• • • In Hinduism, different groups have different places in society Hierarchical- Some groups are above others Bottom Level Untouchables- Do jobs considered dirty, like picking up trash

• Reincarnation Once you die, you are reborn again. If you lived a good life, you move up a caste. If a bad life, you move down a caste

Buddhism

Overview

• • • • • Universal Religion 2510 years old Founder of religion: Buddha Hearth: Northern India No real god: Don’t care how Earth was created

How it started

• • • • • In 563 B.C., Siddhartha Guatama was born a Hindu lord.

Lived in luxury (servants, palaces, etc.) Took 4 trips out of his house, and saw suffering for the first time (sick, old, poverty, death) Left civilization, lived in the forest for 6 years and meditated Came back Buddha, The Enlightened One

4 Noble Truths—Don’t Write

• • All living beings must endure suffering Suffering, which is caused by bad thoughts, like wanting more possessions or being jealous, leads to reincarnation

• • • Goal of existence is to escape suffering and reincarnation into Nirvana Nirvana Enlightenment, complete happiness Nirvana reached by following the Eightfold Path (8 rules for being a good person)

Buddhist Practices

• • • • Non-violence Meditation Poverty (don’t care about wealth, only causes suffering) Charity

Branches

• • Mayahana Buddhism— Emphasize helping others and teaching Theravada Buddhism— Emphasizes meditation and introspection

Dalai Lama—Don’t Write

• • • • Leader of Tibetan Buddhism Most famous Buddhist today Cannot live in Tibet, because China took it over (refugee in India) Won Nobel Peace Prize in 1989

Syncretism

• • The combining of different beliefs As Buddhism spread, it combined with different religious beliefs, especially in Japan

Review!

1. Why did Buddha break away from the Hindu faith?

2. How does someone reach Nirvana?

3. How is Buddhism different from Hinduism?

4. What is reincarnation?

5. What is the cultural hearth for Hinduism? Buddhism?

6. How did Buddhism diffuse to other religions? What is this called?

7. How is Hinduism different from Christianity?