Transcript Slide 1
• Viewed themselves holistically as one part of the wider world of animate and inanimate nature. • Ex: Before Columbus and later Europeans reached the continents of North and South America, people living there practiced various forms of animism. • Animism • Appearing around 500 B.C., emerged as a branch of Hinduism in an area not far from the Punjab. • Ex: As Buddhism spread it developed many regional forms, tibetah Buddhism is distinct from Japanese Buddhism. • Buddhism • Originated about 2,000 years ago, developed in Jerusalem among the disciples of Jesus. • Ex: For centuries, it spread by the force of conversion to save souls but also for the purposes of political control. • Christianity • Philosophy of ethics, education, and public service based on the writings of Confucius and traditionally thought of as one of the core elements of Chinese culture. • Ex: Confucius urged the poor to asset themselves. • Confucianism • Religion that is particular to one, culturally distinct, group of people. • Ex: Judaism • Ethnic Religion • Portion of a state that is separated from the main territory and surrounded by another country. • Ex: Ceuta (Morocco) • Exclave • Tendencies toward congregation and discrimination are longstanding but dominated by internal cohesion and identity. • Enclave • Any religious orthodoxy that is revivalist and ultraconservative in nature • Ex: Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Judaism, Sikhism, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Zoroastrianism • Fundamentalism • Responsibility of identifying suitable gravesites for the deceased- gravesites that leave the dead in perfect harmony with their natural surroundings • Ex: The Chinese created burial mounds for their dead at chosen gravesites. • Geomancy (Feng Shui) • Pilgrimage to Mecca • Ex: Muslims do this at least once, as one of their five primary obligations. • Hadj • First religion to emerge, among the peoples of the IndoGangetic Plain, 4,000 years ago. • Ex: Buddhism emerged as a branch of Hinduism in an area not far from the Punjab. • Hinduism • Boundaries within a single major faith. • Ex: Divisions between Christian Protestants and Catholics. • Interfaith Boundaries • Related to Christianity and Judaism, it developed among the Semitic- speaking people of the deserts of the Middle East. • Ex: fastest- growing religion in the United States today • Islam • Begun in the 6th century as a revolt against the authority of the early Hindu doctrines, rejects caste distinctions and modifies concepts of Karma and transmigration of souls. • Ex: Call meditation Samayik • Jainism • Oldest monotheistic religion, spread widely and rapidly and numerically small because it does not seek converts. • Ex: Developed out of the cultures and beliefs of Bronze Age peoples. • Judaism • Christians, Muslims, and Jews usually bury their dead in a cemetery. Hindus practice cremation • Ex: Early Christians were buried in catacombs (underground passages) • Landscape of the Dead • Belief in one God • Ex: Judaism was the first Monotheistic religion • Monotheism • Belief system in which multiple deities are revered as creators and arbiters of all that exists in the universe. • Ex: Hinduism • Polytheism