Transcript Chapter 11 WATER

Chapter 11
WATER
Mr. Manskopf
Notes can also be found at
http://www.manskopf.com
How many
bodies of water
can you
identify/locate?
Is there more or
less water on
Earth today
then there was 1
billion years
ago?
Goals for Chapter 11…
Describe where Earth’s water resources are
located.
 How is Earth’s water a limited resource?
 How can we manage our water resources
better?
 What are the main causes and impacts of
water pollution?

Next time you
take a drink,
think about
where that water
might have been
before.
Next time rain drops fall on you, think
about where that water might have been
just a few days ago.
Water is a powerful force on Earth’s surface
Water is critical to life…how long can you
survive without it?
It is a precious resource we
often take for granted
It is sacred to some : The Maya believed natural wells, such as the Xkeken cenote in
Mexico's Yucatán, led to the underworld.
Water Is Unique
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Can’t live without
Takes long time to
change temperature
Stays liquid over large
range of temps.
Expands when freezes
Great at dissolving
things
Commonly found as
solid, liquid and gas
Section 1: Water Resources
GOALS:
 Describe the location of water on Earth’s
surface.
 How does the water cycle “work?”
 Explain why freshwater is a limited resource.
 TERMS: surface water, river system, watershed,
groundwater, aquifer, porosity, permeability,
recharge zone, water cycle
Water Cycle
Water Cycle
The continual process
by which water moves
through living and
nonliving parts of our
world.
 Solar Powered
 Renewable Resource
 “Steps” followed
Make up a story following a water
molecule through the water cycle
Where is water found?
• 71% of earth is covered in water
• 97% of that is in oceans
• Most of the remaining 3% fresh, mainly in
ice caps and glaciers.
Why is water a limited resource?
Surface Water
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Fresh water on Earth’s
land
Rivers
Lakes
Streams
Ponds
Critical for: drinking,
transportation, waste
removal, industry, food,
farming, recreation
Delaware River
Watershed: an area
of land that is
drained by a single
river
• Bathtub analogy
• How can a farmer in
NY State Impact
drinking water in
Camden?
• Who should set
pollution laws LOCAL,
SATE, FEDERAL?
Mississippi River Watershed is the largest in U.S.
How does a cattle farmer in Montana potentially impact a shrimp fisherman in
Louisiana?
RIVER SYSTEM
World’s River Systems and Watershed
Groundwater
Groundwater
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Water beneath
Earth’s surface,
located in rocks,
sediment and soil
Camden’s tap water
How does it get
there?
How can we use it?
Groundwater
What is a recharge zone?
Aquifer
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Underground rock
formation containing
water
Important source of
water
Aquifers
Porosity
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How much space
(pores) or holes
found in rock
Where water can flow
through
Porous rock can hold
lots of water
Permeable vs. Impermeable
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The ability of rock or
soil to allow water to
flow through it
Sand and gravel are
permeable
Clay and blacktop are
impermeable
Permeable vs. Impermeable
Section 1 REVIEW
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Describe the location of water on Earth’s
surface.
How does the water cycle “work?”
Explain why freshwater is a limited resource.
TERMS: surface water, river system, watershed,
groundwater, aquifer, porosity, permeability,
recharge zone, water cycle
Section 2 : Water Use and
Management
GOALS:
 Identify how water is used in home, industry and
agriculture.
 Explain how and why water is treated before coming
to your home.
 Describe ways to increase water supplies
 Identify ways to conserve water
 TERMS: potable, pathogen, dam, reservoir,
desalinization
Aylito Binayo's feet know the mountain. Even at four
in the morning she can run down the rocks to the
river by starlight alone and climb the steep
mountain back up to her village with 50 pounds of
water on her back. She has made this journey three
times a day for nearly all her 25 years. So has every
other woman in her village of Foro, in the Konso
district of southwestern Ethiopia. Binayo dropped
out of school when she was eight years old, in part
because she had to help her mother fetch water
from the Toiro River. The water is dirty and unsafe
to drink; every year that the ongoing drought
continues, the once mighty river grows more
exhausted. But it is the only water Foro has ever
had.
According to the U.N., 1 billion people do not
have access to clean, reliable fresh water
How Much Water Do You Use
Average person in
U.S. uses about 80
gallons a day
What can you learn from this chart?
How Much Water Is Needed
http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/envir
onment/freshwater/embedded-water/
Your water footprint
http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/envir
onment/freshwater/water-footprint-calculator/
Making Water Safe
Potable: safe to drink
Most water needs to be
treated
Pathogens: organisms that
cause diseases
Bacteria, viruses, worms
Uses of Water
Industrial Water Use
 19% of worldwide
water use
 Cooling power plants
 To make “stuff”
Uses of Water
Agriculture:
 67% of worldwide
water use
 Irrigation: providing
water to plants
 80 gallons to produce
1 ear of corn
 1 lb. beef = 1,000 gal.
 LOTS OF WATER
Irrigation
Irrigation
As much as
80% normally
evaporates
Drip Irrigation,
reduces that number
greatly
Water Management
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Humans have
altered water flow
for thousands of
years
Engineering
Dams, canals, pipes,
towers bring water
to where it is needed
California aqueduct
brings water hundreds
of miles, across deserts,
mountains
Dams and Reservoirs
Reservoir: an artificial
lake often behind a
dam
Dams:
 Flood control
 Recreation
 Supply water
 Generate electricity
Pros and Cons of Dams
Downstream cropland and
estuaries are deprived of
nutrient-rich silt
Flooded land destroys
forests or cropland and
displaces people
Large losses
of water through
evaporation
Downstream flooding
is reduced
Reservoir is useful for
recreation and fishing
Can produce cheap electricity (hydropower)
Migration and spawning of some fish are disrupted
Provides water
for year-round
irrigation of
cropland
Desalinization
Removing salt from
salt water
 Has a lot of promise
 Very energy
intensive
 Very expensive
 What to do with
waste?
 Future?
Water Conservation
Fastest, easiest way to
increase water supplies
is to use less water
 Agriculture
 Industry
 At home
What are some ways you
can conserve water?
Section 2 Review
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Identify how water is used in home, industry and
agriculture.
Explain how and why water is treated before
coming to your home.
Describe ways to increase water supplies
Identify ways to conserve water
TERMS: potable, pathogen, dam, reservoir,
desalinization
Section 3: Water Pollution
GOALS:
 Compare point-sources and non-point sources
of water pollution
 Describe the 5 classifications of water pollution
 Explain why it is difficult to clean up
groundwater
 What does the Clean Water Act do?
 TERMS: water pollution, point-source, nonpoint source, wastewater, biomagnification,
eutrophication
Freshwater animals are vanishing faster than those on land or at sea.
What is Water Pollution?
Water Pollution: is the
introduction of
chemical, physical, or
biological substances
that affects organisms
that depend upon it
 Many types of water
pollution
Point Source
Pollution coming from one
single place
 Leaking tanker
 Pipe from a factory
 Leaking underground
storage tank
 Can easily be ID and
traced
Point Sources are
usually easily identified
Non-Point Source
Comes from various
sources that are hard to
identify and may be
spread over a large area
 Runoff from farms
 Runoff from cities
 Hard to ID
 Hard t o control
 HUGE PROBLEM
How can a farmer in
MT affect a shrimp
farmer in Louisiana?
NON-Point
Point vs Non-Point
NONPOINT SOURCES
Rural homes
Cropland
Urban streets
Animal feedlot
Suburban
development
POINT
SOURCES
Wastewater
treatment
plant
Factory
Types of Water Pollution
1) Wastewater
Water that flows down the
drain
 What’s in it?
 Where does it go? (outof-sight, out-of-mind)
 Is it harmful?
Wastewater Treatment
2) Eutrophication
Too many nutrients
(nitrogen and
phosphorous) in the
water causes algal
blooms and decreased
oxygen in water
 Causes “dead zones” in
water
 Little or no oxygen
Eutrophication
3) Thermal Pollution
Occurs when temperature
of water rises rapidly
 Power plants
 Factories cooling
equipment
 Causes fish kills
 Decreases oxygen in
water
4) Groundwater Pollution
Pollution that percolates
down from land or
surface water pollution
 Fertilizers, pesticides,
leaking underground
tanks
 Many leaking
underground tanks
What would make groundwater pollution hard to
clean up?
5) Ocean Pollution
Pollutants directly or
indirectly put into
oceans
 Oil spills
 Runoff
 River pollution
 Cruise Ships
 Development along
coasts
 Increasingly a problem
Cleaning Up Water Pollution
1969 Cuyahoga River in
Cleveland caught fire
1972 Congress passes Clean
Water Act
1970s Environmental
Activism/Awareness
Cleaning Up Water Pollution
Clean Water Act of 1972 was to “restore and maintain
the physical, chemical and biological integrity of the
nation’s water.”
 Fishable and Swim able
 Better, but… still many polluted water bodies
Section 3 Review
GOALS:
 Compare point-sources and non-point sources of water
pollution
 Describe the 5 classifications of water pollution
 Explain why it is difficult to clean up groundwater
 What does the Clean Water Act do?
 TERMS: water pollution, point-source, non-point
source, wastewater, biomagnification, eutrophication
Chapter 11 Review
Describe where Earth’s water resources are
located.
 How is Earth’s water a limited resource?
 How can we manage our water resources
better?
 What are the main causes and impacts of
water pollution?

What does the
future hold for
water on planet
Earth?
Climate
Change?
Melting
Glaciers?
Human
Population
rising?
Water Scarcity?