Transcript Computer Science 121 - Courses Taught by Kathleen Devlin, MBA

Computer Science 129
Science, Computing and Society
Week 9
Chapters 7 and 12
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GRE/GMAT WORDS
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Paucity – lack of something
Contrite – to feel remorse
Laconic – using very few words
Pugnacious – verbally combative
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Chapter 7
Artificial Neural Networks
A collection of primitive electronic
devices, that put together, simulate the
human neural system
Acts similar to sensory perception
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Chapter 7
The most basic components of neural
networks are modeled after the
structure of the brain and, therefore, a
great deal of neural network
terminology is borrowed from
neuroscience
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Chapter 7
The
Neuron
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Chapter 7
Artificial Neuron
The input paths look like dendrites, the processing element looks like a
soma, the output path looks like the axon and the terminal routes look
like synapses.
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Chapter 7
Uses for neural Networks:
• Interpretation
• Prediction
• Diagnosis
• The most successful applications of
neural networks are in categorization
and pattern recognition
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Chapter 12
LANDAUER PRINCIPLE
Rolf Landauer discovered that the
process of erasing a bit of information
dissipates a small amount of energy as
heat.
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Chapter 12
There is a irreversible loss of useful
energy in the universe (2nd Law of
Thermodynamics)
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Chapter 12
EDGAR ALLAN POE’S “THE PIT AND
THE PENDULUM”
TAKES PLACE IN DUNGEON DURING
THE SPANISH INQUISITION
LIGHT SEEPING IN GIVES NEW WAY TO
VIEW HIS DUNGEON
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Chapter 12
• Poe’s book is all about perspective and how things look
at different times of day or after different event have
happened in our lives.
• Think of what the horizon looked like to men on ships
back when they believed the earth was flat. They would
swear they saw the end of the earth and they had better
turn around or they would fall off! Now people swear
they can see the curve of the earth ! (the earth is too
large to see the curve of it while we are on it!!!)
• We have all been in our own rooms and the pile of
clothes on a chair looked like something scary.
• This is all perspective. Incorporating what we know and
what is going on in our lives.
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Chapter 12
BIT AND THE PENDULUM
ILLUSTRATES WAY SCIENCE SHAPES
OUR REALITY
SCIENCE IS A DESCRIPTION OF
REALITY, NOT AN EXPLANATION OF
REALITY
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Chapter 12
“SCIENCE IS NOT THE SAME THINGS AS
THE REALITY IT DESCRIBES. THERE
IS ALWAYS A GAP BETWEEN REALITY
AND THE DESCRIPTION OF IT.”
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Chapter 12
• THE UNIVERSE IS NOT
– A CLOCK
– A STEAM ENGINE
– NOR A COMPUTER
• “THESE MACHINES ARE METAPHORS
FOR REALITY, NOT REALITY ITSELF”
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What You Should Know
Define:
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK
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What You Should Know
Define:
LANDAUER’S PRINCIPLE
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What You Should Know
List some uses for Artificial Neural
Networks
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What You Should Know
What are the 4 Principle parts of a
Nerve Cell or Neuron
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What You Should Know
SHORT ESSAY:
HOW DOES POE’S PIT AND THE
PENDULUM RELATE TO SCIENCE AND
REALITY?
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