Transcript Preempting Deficit Round Robin

Linux Information Appliances
Transforming Resources into Products
Prof. Ying-Dar Lin 林盈達
Department of Computer and Information Science
National Chiao Tung University
Hsinchu, Taiwan
[email protected]
www.cis.nctu.edu.tw/~ydlin
October 2000
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Content
 GNU/Linux Evolution
 Open Source: Resources
 Open Source: Business Models
 Why Linux for IA?
 IA Characteristics
 IA Product Lines
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GNU/Linux Evolution
1983：Richard M. Stallman @MIT
FSF
GPL
 FSF, Free Software Foundation
 GNU, GNU’s Not Unix
 GPL, General Public License
1984：GNU
 Free to 取得、使用，及散佈
 a public ownership
放棄Intellectual properties
1991：Linus Torvalds’s Linux at
「comp.os.minix」
1998：Navigator source released
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Open Source Timeline
1969


Internet 在 ARPAnet 初見雛形
Unix
1979

Berkeley Software Distribution（BSD）
1983

Sendmail by Eric Allman
1984

Richard Stallman 成立 GNU 計畫
1986

Berkeley Internet Name Domain（BIND）
1987

Perl by Elaine Ashton
1991

Linus Thorvald 撰寫 Linux
1994


Allan Cox 接手維護 GNU/Linux 核心
PHP by Rasmus Lerdorf
1995/2

Apache HTTP Server Project 的雛形漸露，小組成員八人
1998/3

Navigator 原始碼釋出
1998/8

微軟 Steve Ballmer 承認對於 Apache 及 Linux：”是的，我們擔心”
1998/11

「萬聖節文件」從微軟內部流出，揭露對付 Linux 及開放原碼的伎倆〔2〕
1999/3

蘋果電腦以 APS License 釋放 Darwin 程式碼（MacOSX 的核心軟體）
2000/7

Apache 網站伺服器突破 11000000 台，市佔率達 62.8%〔3〕
表 2 Linux/Open Source Timeline
Who’s Who in Open Source
必須認識
Linus Torvalds
Linux, 現任職 Transmeta,研發 Crusoe 公司
Richard Stallman
GNU, FSF, Emacs,現雲遊四海
Eric Raymond
Open Source Initiative
Brian Behlendorf
Apache, 現為 CEO of ASF, CFO of Collab.Net
應該認識
Allan Cox
Linus 公布第一版後，由 Allan 負責之後 kernel maintenance
Donald Becker
撰寫 Linux Ethernet 驅動程式
Bob Young
Red Hat
Bruce Perens
Debian Project, Open Source Initiative, LSB, TECHNOCRAT.NET
Tom Paquin 及 Jim Hamerly mozilla.org, Netscape
小虫
CLE 發起人，現前往 MIT 念博士
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Major Linux Distributions
成立 創立者/發起人
最新版本
Slackware 1992 Patrick Volkerding 7.1(Snag)
Debian
1993 Ian Murdock
2.1(Slink)
Red Hat
1995 Bob Young 及
Mark Ewing
6.2
SuSE
1992 Roland Dyroff, etc. 6.4
Linux1998 Gael Duval
Mandrake
售價
服務方式
套件數 包裝檔
4CDs
$39.95
2CDs
不營利
2CDs
$29.95
線上文件、論壇/
郵件/電話
線上社群、論壇/IRC
~443
TAR
~2500
DEB
線上文件/郵件/
付費服務
~771
RPM
線上文件/郵件/
付費服務
線上文件/郵件/
付費服務
~1734
RPM
~931
RPM
6CDs
$49.95
7.1(Helium) 3CDs
$29.95
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Open versus Closed
Web server
SQL server
Browser
Office
Email server
Email client
FTP client
FTP server
Emulator
Microsoft (Just buy it!)
Open Source (Just do it!)
IIS + ASP
SQL server
IE
MS Office 2000
MS Exchange
Outlook Express
cuteFTP
Windows 2000, Server-U
VMWare for Windows 2000
Apache + PHP3
MySQL, DBMaker
Netscape
Corel WordPerfect 2000
SendMail
Twig (can import outlook)
gFTP
Wuftpd, BeroFTPD
Wine
表 6 User’s Preference Under MS and Open Source
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Open Source “Repository”
Open Source Software
45
48
Console
X11
22
7
Daemons
20
Development
Web
10
GNOME
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KDE
8
Hierarchy of
[Console/GNOME/KDE/X11]
68
Console/ GNOME/KDE/X11
[247] Administration
[019] AfterStep applets
[019] Anti-Spam
[119] Applications
[048] Backup
[008] Browser Addons
[023] CAE
[034] CD Writing Software
[196] Communication
[030] Compression
[009] Core
[130] Database
[063] Desktop
[027] Development
[006] Dialup Networking
[055] Documentation
[108] Drivers
[088] Editors
[062] Education
[165] eMail
[008] Embedded
[088] Emulators
[068] Encryption
[028] Enlightenment Applets
[023] FTP Clients
[044] File Managers
[052] Filesystems
[051] Financial
[179] Firewall and Security
[026] Fonts and Utilities
[593] Games
#2
[277] Graphics
[008] Home Automation
[103] IRC
[053] Java
[074] Log Analyzers
[208] MP3
[010] Mail Clients
[051] Mini Distributions
[021] Mirroring
[351] Misc
[028] Modelling
[007] Modem gettys
[184] Monitoring
[003] Motif
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[032] Multimedia
[480] Networking
[048] News
#3
[053] OS
[048] Office Applications
[042] Packaging
[053] Printing
[189] Scientific Applications
[007] Screensavers
[031] Shells
[265] Sound
[136] System
[041] TV and Video
[011] Terminals
[190] Text Utilities
[665] Utilities
#1
[004] VRML
[033] Video
[038] Viewers
[684] Web Applications
[038] Web Browsers
[121] Window Maker Applets
[039] Window Managers
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Hierarchy of [Daemons]
24
Daemons
[007] Anti-Virus
[005] Batch Processing
[030] BBS
[010] Chat
[032] Database
[026] DNS
[015] Filesharing
[009] Finger
[022] FTP
[006] Hardware
[097] HTTP
[013] Ident
[013] IMAP
23 Development
[050] IRC
[015] Mailinglist
Managers
[231] Misc
[027] MUD
[009] Network
Directory Service
[013] NNTP
[023] POP3
[071] Proxy
[031] SMTP
[005] SNMP
[002] Time
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[010] Bug Tracking
[068] Compilers
[014] CORBA
[073] Database
[038] Debugging
[084] Environments
[028] Game SDK
[048] Interfaces
[173] Java Packages
[028] Kernel
[001] Kernel Patches
[121] Languages
[485] Libraries
[100] Perl Modules
[008] PHP Classes
[001] Pike Modules
[057] Python Modules
[031] Revision Control
[019] Tcl extensions
[017] Test Suites
[558] Tools
[178] Web
[055] Widget Sets
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My Favorites in Open Source
文字編輯器
文書處理
Office 類似
繪圖影像
秀圖瀏覽
影音撥放
MP3 播放
ICQ 類似
瀏覽器
電子郵件(client/local)
電子郵件(client/www)
新聞群組(client)
檔案傳輸(client)
檔案管理員
桌面管理
電子郵件(sever)
新聞群組(server)
檔案傳輸(server)
資料庫
網站伺服器
除錯器
桌面作業環境
直譯程式
Plam 程式設計
一般使用者
vim(VIsual editor iMproved), vi, pico, joe, emacs, xemacs
WordPerfect, Kword, PAPyRUS, TeX/LaTeX, LyX, xfig
StarOffice, KOffice, iOffice2000
GIMP, XV
iManager for ImLib, QtVu, Quick Image Viewer, KuickShow
Xanim, Xmovie, MpegTV
XMMS, X11AMP,
Licq, Kicq, GnomeICU
Netscape Communicator,Opera, Mozilla
fetchmail, mailx, pine, elm, Balsa, alphamail, twig
WebMail
Pan, News Peruser, KRN, tin
gFTP,NFTP, SkateFTP, IglooFTP PRO, ncftp
Kruiser, Xfm, llnlxdir
enlightment,Window Maker, Blackbox, sawfish, Afterstep
系統管理員/進階使用者
EMUmail, Epop, teapop, Qmail, sendmail
Leafnode, MetaNews
BeroFTPD, wuftpd, proftpd
MySQL, PostgreSQL, DBMaker
Apache, iPlanet Web Server, NetMAX WebServer, Understudy
程式開發人員
ddd (可取代 GDB, DBX, JDB, WDB, and XDB), gdb, kgdb（remote）
GNOME, GNUstep, KDE
Java 、Perl、Python、CINT
gcc、PRC-Tools、PilRC、PocketC
Business Models (1/2)
Case 1 Software (desktop clients/servers)
Free core Non free
accessories
Case 2 Services
Free software
e.g. Sendmail Inc.
e.g. Red Hat
Charged service
Case 3 ASP
Appz
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Business Models (2/2)
Case 4 Embedded clients/servers
e.g. VA Linux,
Cobalt
Case 5 User Feedback
free
money
if satisfied
Case 6 Add-on values
E.g. Red Hat is going great guns.
Roller coaster!! $151 ~ 1
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Why Linux for IA?
 Cost of development and ownership

No license fee, royalty
 Better code quality and higher availability

Worldwide contributors, fast patches
 Abundant open source resources/modules

Over 10,000 packages
 Time to market
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VxWorks, QNX, ChorusOS, pSOS,
WinCE
VxWorks
QNX
ChorusOS
pSOS
Windows CE
Sales
$130M
($20M royalty)
$20M
$20M
$105M
($15M royalty)
Profit Margin
%
8.7% (SEC filling)
Unknown. <10%
Unknown
9% (SEC filling)
Direct Sales
Force
Approx 250
(Worldwide)
Approx 40
Original sales force, around
20 + Sun influence
Approx 200 (Worldwide)
Approx 12 (Worldwide)
Market Share
15%
2%
2%
12%
<2%
Tools Price
(per seat)
$7,500 - $10,000
(Based on a 10 seats
license)
$2,995 per seat
(3rd party tools)
$23,000 initial seat, $4,000
for the following seats
$4,995 by seat
Depends on the options
$995
Royalty
$1-$35
There is no real
fixed price for
licensing
Direct; 3 distributors
in Japan
Component-based pricing
$3-$80
Low-end $15 Mid-Range
$58
High-End $109
Range from < $1 up to $30
Range from < $5 up to
$30+
Mixed – direct for large
market; 40 distributors for
smaller market
Direct only
Direct; 16 distributors
Direct (>25,000 units)
Distributors
Focus
Digital imaging,
telecom/datacom,
CE, automotive
Industrial automation,
medical systems, CE,
telecom/datacom
Telecommunications
Automobile industry, some
CE (interactive television)
Strengths
 Most complete
integrated
environment
 Largest coverage
of CPU and hosts
 True micro-kernel
architecture
 Complete POSIX compliant
 Most scalable
 Exceptional reliability and
high availability
 Optimized for
telecommunications
 Integrated development
environment
 Optimized for Motorola
processors and DSPs
Higher-end applications;
ADCU has focused on
Manufacturing, Retail,
Healthcare
 Win32
 NT Connectivity
 Robust graphics/UI
Distribution
Model
$3M royalty (FY99)
$2M Tools
IA Characteristics
 Easy-to-use/configure
 Nearly plug-n-play
 Application-specific
 No standard H/W & S/W platforms
 Internet access
 Robustness
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IA System Specs: Non-Wintel !!
•微處理器 (CPU)
–32 bit CISC/RISC architecture
–Performance (MIPS)
–Power Consumption
•記憶體 (Memory)
–8-128MB DRAM (SDRAM/EDO)
–2- 16 MB Flash Memory
–Various size for different applications
•儲存裝置 (Storage)
–IDE HDD (large capacity)
–Small form drive
–Flash Memory (PCMCIA/DOC/Compact)
•通訊介面模組(Communication Module)
–Wired (analog modem/Cable/ADSL/Ethernet/ ISDN)
–Wireless(RF/Bluetooth/IrDA)
–Dedicated media for various applications
•多媒體功能 (Multimedia Function)
–SVGA/VGA - Monitor/TV/LCD Video
–Touch panel
–MPEG/VCD/DVD Video/Audio
–SB/MP3/AC3/Dolby Audio
•輸出入裝置 (Input/Output)
–PS2 keyboard/mouse
–RS-232/Parallel
–PCMCIA
–Smartcard
•作業系統 (OS)
–WinCE/Java/Linux/Vxworks/Native Chinese OS
(Hopen/CAVA)/EPOC/QNX
記憶體
多媒體功能
(Multimedia Function)
Video
Audio
SVGA Monitor
TV Output
(STN/TFT) LCD
Touch Panel
MPEG 2
VCD/DVD
SB Audio
MP3 Audio
MPEG 2
AC3
Dolby
VCD/DVD
通訊介面模組
(Memory)
SRAM
EDO
SDRAM
Flash(DOC)
微處理器
(CPU)
Analog Modem
Cable Modem
ADSL Modem
1/10/100 Ethernet
ISDN/G.Lite
無線
RF
Bluetooth
IrDA
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(Input/Output)
Keyboard
Mouse
RS-232
Parallel
PCMCIA
Smartcard
X86
PowerPC
MIPS
StrongARM
SH Series
儲存裝置
(Communication Module)
有線
輸出入裝置
(Storage)
作業系統
(OS)
WinCE
Java
Linux
RTOS (VxWorks,...)
Native Chinese OS
IDE HDD
Mini Drive
Compact Flash
PCMCIA Memory
DOC Flash Memory
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IA Product Lines: Components
Speech
Recognition
Game
Voice Mail
Hard-Writing
Recognition
Micro
Web Browser
email
MP3 Audio
Telephone
Answering
Machine
Word Processor
MPEG Audio
On line transaction
MPEG Video
IP Phone
Calendar
Address
Book
ICA/RDP
Calculator
FAX
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GPS
Personal
Information
Management
(PIM)
Voice
Recording
18
IA Product Line: Size Matters
RAM Size (MB)
Large
Server
128
64
32
Desktop
16
8
Embedded PC
4
2
High-End Embedded
1
Mid-range
0.5
Tiny
0.1
Flash/ROM/Disk Size
0.1
0.5
1
2
4
8
16
MBs
GBs
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GBs
TBs
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IA Product Lines: Client-Side
Analog Modem
Cable Modem
ISDN Modem
XDSL Modem
G Lite
ATM
Set up Box
Web Phone
Home Entertainment
Thin Client &
Windows-based Terminal
Internet Box
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Point of Sales
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IA Product Lines: Network-Wide
Mobile
Station
VoIP
Gateway
Fax
VoIP
Gateway
Telephone
Fax
PBX
Key terminal System
Layer 3
Switch
Telephone
IP Phone
Base
Station
Switch
Hub
Switch
Host
Router
Firewall
WAN
Interface
PC
WAN/
WAN/
PSTN/
PSTN/
PLMN
PLMN
Notebook
Access Point
Dial-in
Modem
LAN
Interface
Cable TV Network
Headend
Switch
PDA
Headend
Probe
RAS Server
PC
Fiber
Node
Print
Server
Hub
Network
Management
Software
Switch
Router
Server
Side
Adapter
Cards
Telephone
PC
Cable
Modem
Cable
Modem
Printer
Web Server/
Mail Server
Branch Office
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TV
Home User
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IA Product Lines: Access, Core, Service
Network
Equipments
Access
Core
WAN
Router /
Multilayer
Switch
IP
Telephony
Application
Server
Network
Management
Intranet
Adapter
Card
pure
Router
VoIP
Gateway
Print Server
Software
Network
Security
Access
Server
Access
Point
Layer 3
Switch
IP Phone
Web Server
Hardware
Bandwidth
Manager
56K
RAS
Server
Mobile
Station
ISDN
Broadband
Access
Headend
LAN
Adapter
Desktop
side
Server
side
Hub /
Layer 2 Modem
Switch
Hub
Layer 2
Switch
Wireless
Layer 4-7
Switch
Service
Mail Server
Other Server
DSL
Cable
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Hot Products
 Client:

STB, Web TV, Web phone, Web terminal, PDA, WAP
handset, MP3 player, etc.
 Server:

All-in-one intranet server, mail server, proxy server, FAX
server, message server, storage server, entertainment
server, etc.
 Network:

Security gateway, home gateway, bandwidth manager,
etc.
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