Transcript Initial Analysis of Causality Drivers for University

DRAFT, April 14 –All data are preliminary, need verification
Class Project Report
Sustainable Air Quality, EECE 449/549, Spring 2008
Washington University, St. Louis, MO
Carbon Footprint of Danforth Campus
Students:
Devki Desai
Martin Groenewegen
Tyler Nading
Kate Nelson
Matt Sculnick
Alyssa Smith
Varun Yadav
Instructors: Professor Rudolf B. Husar, Erin M. Robinson
For more details see the class wiki
Class Project: Carbon Footprint of Danforth Campus
Objectives:
1. Develop and Apply Carbon Emission Estimation Model
2. Estimate Carbon Footprint of Danforth Campus
3. Compare the Estimates to Other College Campuses
Washington University Carbon Footprint
On Campus Energy Use
Carbon Impact
Heating
Cooling
Appliances
Transportation
Carbon Impact
Commuting
Air Travel
University Fleet
Students
Faculty/Staff
The impact on carbon arises from on-campus energy use and from transportation
Danforth Campus Population
Danforth Campus Population
18
16
Staff
12
Faculty
10
Students
# of People (thousands)
14
Population
Increased 10%
8
6
4
2
2029
2027
2025
2023
2021
2019
2017
2015
2013
2011
2008
2006
2004
2002
2000
1998
1996
1994
1992
1990
1988
1986
1984
1982
1980
0
Year
Staff
•
•
Faculty
Students
From 1990-2005 the Campus population has fluctuated between 14-16,000 people
Students account for 80 percent of the population on campus
University Expenditures and Building Area
Danforth Campus Square Footage
1,200
6
1,000
5
800
4
600
Sq. Ft. (millions)
$ (millions), adjusted for inflation
University Expendenditures
70%
increase
400
2
200
0
1980
60%
increase
3
1
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
Year
Operational Expendenditures ($)
Expenditures Include: Research, Academic, Student
Support, O/M of Physical Plant
Between 1990-2005, the expenditures increased by
70%
0
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
Year
Total Square Footage
During the same time period, the building area (sq ft)
has increased by 60 percent.
Danforth Campus Electric Energy and Fuel Consumption
Danforth Campus Stationary Sources
Danforth Campus Electric Energy Consumption
450
1400
400
1000
90% Increase in
Electricity Usage
800
600
WASTE Energy
at Power Plant
Natural Gas
300
Coal
250
200
150
100
400
Transmission losses
200
Total
350
mmbtu (thousands)
mmbtu (thousands)
1200
50
Oil
Purchased Electricity
0
1980
0
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
19
80
19
83
19
86
19
89
19
92
19
95
19
98
20
01
20
04
20
07
20
11
20
14
20
17
20
20
20
23
20
26
20
29
Year
Year
Purchased electricity increased 90%
between 1990-2005.
The total energy for electricity includes
losses in the power plant and during
transmission.
•
•
Tot Fuel Consumed on Campus (mmbtu)
Coal Consumed on Campus (mmbtu)
Oil Consumed on Campus (mmbtu)
Natural Gas Consumed on Campus (mmbtu)
Fuel used on campus for heating and hot water: coal,
oil and natural gas.
In 1993, the University made several upgrades:
–
–
–
Switched from coal to natural gas
Switched to electric chillers
Shut off steam plant from May-October hot water
Causality Framework for University Carbon Footprint - Transportation
Miles/Person
Population
People
Gal./Mile
Transportation
Miles
Carbon/Gal
Fuel Cons.
Gal./yr
C Emission
Ton C/yr
•
Washington University Transportation Emission
3.00
Carbon (Thousand Tonnes)
2.50
Transportation Emission
2.00
1.50
Faculty/Staff Commuting
1.00
Student Commuting
0.50
0.00
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020
2030
Year
Commuter Students Carbon (tonnes) - all
Faculty/Staff Commuter Carbon (tonnes) - All
Transportation - All
2040
Overall the transportation
carbon emissions have
remained roughly at 1990
level
Carbon Emission – Danforth Campus
Danforth Campus Carbon Emission, 1990-2007
30
25
C Tonnes (thousands)
Transportation
20
15
Overall
60% Increase
Fuel Cons.
10
5
Electricity
2029
2027
2025
2023
2021
2019
2017
2015
2013
2011
2008
2006
2004
2002
2000
1998
1996
1994
1992
1990
1988
1986
1984
1982
1980
0
Year
•
•
Carbon Emissions have increased almost 60% from 1990 to 2005.
Electricity is the main component of emissions and also drives the emissions trends
Total Emission Comparison between Universities
Campus-wide CO2 Emissions as a function of Building Area
U.S. University Campuses
CO2 Emission, Metric Tonnes/yr, Thousands
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
Washington University
50
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Building Square Feet, Millions
•
•
Data from 14 campuses show that the carbon impact is roughly proportional to the campus size.
Our data indicate that WU emissions/area are comparable to the other schools
Transportation Emission Comparison between Universities
Transportation CO2 Emissions as a function of University Population
U.S. University Campuses
Transportation Emissions (mT/yr), Thousands
30
25
20
15
Washington University - All Commute
10
Washington University - Permits Only
5
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Total University Population, Thousands
•
•
•
Transportation carbon emission estimates for ten campuses indicate a relationship to school
population
Washington University estimates are uncertain and given as a range based on two calculation
methods
Evidently, the WU transportation carbon emissions are also comparable to the other colleges.
Class Outline Follows the NAS Report:
Our Common Journey…Sustainability Transition (link)
•
Common Concerns, Differing Emphases
–
–
–
–
•
What Is To Be Sustained
What Is To Be Developed
The Links Between
For How Long?
Goals for a Sustainability Transition
– Meeting Human Needs (Education, Research)
– Preserving Life Support Systems (Climate)
– The Transition to Sustainability as Social ( Academic) Learning