Transcript United States History - Smithville High School

United States History
Americans on the Move
 1820’s –1840’s
People were on the move all over the nation
Hotels sprung up to handle the need of travelers
Blacks, Indians and women would be
discriminated against
Democracy
Defined as a direct rule of the people
Leveling of classes in America
Self-made men rose to prominence
This changed some in the Jacksonian Era.
Economic inequality increased the gap between
the rich and poor
Culture
Art captured the spirit of the everyday people
Romantic Movement – emotions
Some literature was written for women – often
showing a women’s place was in the home
Theaters sprung up in the nation as more people
attended
Who?
Herman Melville – Moby Dick
Nathaniel Hawthorne – Scarlet Letter
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow – Paul Revere’s
Ride
Paul Revere’s Ride
Listen my children and you shall hear
Of the midnight ride of Paul Revere,
On the eighteenth of April, in Seventy-five;
Hardly a man is now alive
Who remembers that famous day and year.
Oliver Wendell Holmes – Old Ironsides
OLD IRONSIDES
Ay, tear her tattered ensign down!
Long has it waved on high,
And many an eye has danced to see
That banner in the sky;
Beneath it rung the battle shout,
And burst the cannon's roar;
The meteor of the ocean air
Shall sweep the clouds no more.
Edgar Allan Poe – The Raven
The Raven
Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered,
weak and weary,
Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten
lore,
While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came
a tapping,
As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my
chamber door.
"'Tis some visiter," I muttered, "tapping at my
chamber door --
Walt Whitman – Leaves of Grass
Walt
Whitman
Jacksonian Era
Democrats
Whigs – Republicans
Parties started to hold national conventions to
select their person to run for president
Parties disagreed with each other and sometimes
with themselves
Election 1824
John Quincy Adams – Massachusetts
Republican Defeated Jackson
Election 1828
Andrew Jackson / Old Hickory
Democrat
A forceful and domineering president
Appointed people to government jobs who
supported him – Spoils system
Indian Removal
Jackson supported the removal of Indians to
lands not settled by whites
Cherokee Nation owned lands in Georgia,
North Carolina, and Tennessee
Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi extended its
state laws over Cherokees
This defied US Constitution which gave the
Central government power in Indian affairs
Jackson gave his endorsement to state action
Jackson administration – bill in Congress to
remove Indians
Bill passed
Worcester v. Georgia – Supreme Court decision
denied the state the power to extend jurisdiction
over Indian lands
Georgia defied this order and Jackson supported
Georgia
Trail of Tears
1838 – forced removal of Indians to Oklahoma
Nullification Crisis
Southern states became fearful of federal
encroachment on state rights
South Carolina took up the issue of protective
tariff
Favor of state veto power over federal action
Vice President Calhoun supported states rights
A feud developed between Jackson and Calhoun
Jackson said “Our Union, it must be preserved.”
1832— South Carolina legislature voted to nullify
the tariff
Jackson told the Secretary of War to prepare for
military action
He got Congress to pass bills allowing force and a
lower tariff
South Carolina backed down
South Carolina – would not tolerate legislation
against the good of the state
Bank War
Kitchen Cabinet – close friends of Jackson and
advisors
They advised Jackson to go against the federal
bank
A bill for re-charter for the bank passed Congress
Jackson vetoed the bill
Attempts by Congress to override the veto failed
This issue angered many republicans
Whigs
New party- support came from republicans
Southern support for state rights
Bank issue as a violation of powers
They referred to Jackson as “King Andrew”
Martin Van Buren
Followed Jackson as president
Economic downturn and a weak presidency hurt
his chances of re-election
Election 1840
Whigs supported William Henry Harrison –
Associated with winning the battle of
Tippecanoe
John Tyler –states’ rights advocate as running
mate
“Tippecanoe and Tyler too”
Harrison won