Transcript ROOTS OF REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT

ROOTS OF
REPRESENTATIVE
GOVERNMENT
In this section, you’ll learn
about the rights of English
people set forth in the Magna
Carta and later documents.
These rights are the basis for
the rights Americans enjoy
today.
The Magna
Carta
The Great
Awakening
CONTRIBUTIONS
TO
REPRESENTATIVE
GOVERNMENT
The English
Bill of Rights
England’s
Glorious
Revolution
The
Enlightenment
A document called the Magna
Carta, created in England in
1215, limited powers of the
King. Over time, the rights it
listed were guaranteed to all
English people.
Magna Carta is an English
charter originally issued in
1215. It was the most significant
early influence on the extensive
historical process that led to the
rule of constitutional law today.
Magna Carta influenced many
common law documents and
others, such as the United States
Constitution and Bill of Rights,
and is considered one of the
most important legal documents
in the history of democracy.
One of the most important
English rights was the right to
elect representatives to
government. Parliament,
England’s chief lawmaking
body, was the colonists model
for representative government.
The
future
James II
with his
father,
Charles
I.
James II (in Scotland known with
the name James VII ; 14 October
1633 – 16 September 1701)
became King of England, King of
Scots, and King of Ireland on 6
February 1685. He was the last
Roman Catholic monarch to reign
over the Kingdom of Scotland,
Kingdom of England, and
Kingdom of Ireland. Many of his
subjects distrusted his religious
policies and autocratic tendencies,
leading a group of them to depose
him in the Glorious Revolution.
He was replaced not by his Roman
Catholic son, James Francis
Edward, but by his Protestant
daughter and son-in-law, Mary II
and William III, who became joint
rulers in 1689.
Edmund Andros was a Royal
Governor appointed by King
James II to take over the New
England Colonies. Andros
angered the colonists by ending
their representative assemblies
and allowed town meetings to
be held only once a year.
Sir Edmund Andros
(December 6, 1637 February 24, 1714) was
an early colonial
governor in North
America, and head of
the short-lived
Dominion of New
England. Andros was
not a popular governor,
and at one point was
placed under arrest and
forced to return to
England.
In 1688 Parliament usurped the
power of James II and replaced
him with William and Mary as
the new monarchs of England.
This change in leadership was
called England’s Glorious
Revolution.
William III
Mary II
FOR UNDERSTANDING
A document called the______,
created in England in 1215, limited
powers of the King.
• 1) Declaration of
Independence
• 3) Parliamentary
Papers
• 2) The English a Bill
of Rights
• 4) Magna Carta
______ was England’s chief
lawmaking body.
• 1) Parliament
• 3) Congress
• 2) The Royal Court
• 4) The House of
Burgesses
One of the most important
English rights was
• 1) the right to choose
a new king or queen.
• 3) the right against
self-incrimination.
• 2) the right to elect
representatives to
government.
• 4) the right to bear
arms.
______ was a Royal Governor
appointed by King James II to take
over the New England Colonies.
• 1) John Peter Zenger
• 3) Edmund Andros
• 2) Edward Anderson
• 4) John Smith
The challenge to the leadership
of James II in 1688 was called
England’s ______.
• 1) Glorious Revolution
• 3) Grand Experiment.
• 2) Workers Rebellion
• 4) Time of Troubles
In 1688 Parliament usurped the
power of James II and replaced
him with______.
• 1) Queen Elizabeth II
• 2) Oliver Cromwell
• 3) a democratic
government
• 4) William and Mary
William and Mary agreed in
1689 to uphold the English Bill
of Rights, an agreement that
respected the rights of English
citizens and of Parliament.
The English Bill of Rights 1689 is
largely a statement of certain
positive rights that its authors
considered that citizens and/or
residents of a constitutional
monarchy ought to have. It
asserts the Subject's right to
petition the Monarch and the
Subject's right to bear arms for
defense. It also sets out certain
constitutional requirements where
the actions of the Crown require
the consent of the governed as
represented in Parliament.
Provisions of the English Bill of
Rights:
• The king or queen could not cancel laws or
impose taxes, unless Parliament agreed.
• Free elections and frequent meetings of
Parliament, must be held.
• Excessive fines and cruel punishment were
forbidden.
• People had the right to complain to the king or
queen in Parliament without being arrested.
After the Glorious Revolution,
the Massachusetts colonists
regained some self-government,
but still had a Royal Governor
appointed by the crown.
During the first half of the
1700s, England interfered very
little in colonial affairs. The
hands-off policy was called
salutary neglect.
Salutary (benign) neglect was an undocumented,
though long-standing, British policy of avoiding strict
enforcement of parliamentary laws meant to keep the
American colonies obedient to Great Britain. Prime
Minister Robert Walpole stated that “if no restrictions
were placed on the colonies, they would flourish” This
policy, which lasted from about 1607 to 1763, allowed
the enforcement of trade relations laws to be lenient.
Walpole did not believe in enforcing the Navigation
Acts, established under Oliver Cromwell and Charles II
and designed to force the colonists to trade only with
England. King George III ended this policy through
acts such as the Stamp Act and Sugar Act, causing
tensions between England and the colonies.
Colonists moved toward
gaining freedom of the press,
when in 1735 John Peter
Zenger, publisher of the New
York Weekly Journal, stood
trial for printing criticism of
New York’s governor and won
by claiming that people had the
right to speak the truth.
A notable part of the case is that Andrew
Hamilton (John Peter Zenger’s attorney)
challenged the constitutionality of the
crimes in which his client was being
prosecuted for. It was one of the first times
in American history in which a lawyer
challenged the laws rather than the
innocence of his clients. The jurors were
stunned and didn't know how to, or even if
they were allowed to, address whether the
law itself was "legal."
FOR UNDERSTANDING
William and Mary agreed in 1689 to
uphold the______, an agreement that
respected the rights of English
citizens and of Parliament.
• 1) Magna Carta
• 3) Constitution
• 2) English Bill of
Rights
• 4) Mayflower Compact
All of the following were provisions
of the English Bill of Rights except:
• 1) The king or queen
could not cancel laws
or impose taxes,
unless Parliament
agreed.
• 2) Only parliament
could appoint Royal
Governors to the
colonies.
• 3) Excessive fines
and cruel
punishment were
forbidden.
• 4) People had the
right to complain to
the king or queen in
Parliament without
being arrested.
After the Glorious Revolution, the
Massachusetts colonists regained
some ______ but still had ______
appointed by the crown.
• 1) selfgovernment, an
Assembly
• 2) captured lands,
a Royal Governor
• 3) self-government,
a Royal Governor
• 4) captured lands,
a Regent
England’s hands-off policy with
regard to the colonies was called
______.
• 1) laissez-faire
capitalism
• 3) the Glorious
Revolution
• 2) salutary neglect
• 4) salutatory
negligence
In 1735 ______ stood trial for
printing criticism of New York’s
governor and won by claiming that
people had the right to speak the
truth.
• 1) John Zenger
• 3) George Whitefield
• 2) Edmund Andros
• 4) Jonathan Edwards