GRAMMAR REVIEW

PARTS OF SPEECH  NAMERS: nouns and pronouns

Nouns  Person  Place  Thing  State of being

Types of Nouns  Proper : Ms. Stronach, Dr. Jones, Elmira  Common: car, student, building, flower  Concrete: desk, food  Abstract: hope, disappointment, hunger

Pronoun  Replaces a noun: he she, they, it, ourselves, everyone, somebody, all

Actors  Verb

Verb  The action of the sentence  Action (jump, sing)  State of being ( am, feel, appear)  Can have more than one part: a helper verb and an action verb ( will study )  Can link the subject to a modifier  She was irritated.

DESCRIBERS  Adjectives  Adverbs

Adjectives  Adds to a noun  Many people  Orange shirt  Delicious pizza

Adverb  Adds to a verb, adverb or adjective  Walk gracefully  Walk very gracefully .

JOINERS  Preposition  Conjunction

Preposition  Positioned before a noun to connect it to the sentence  Go to the office.

Conjunction  Connects two clauses, phrases or like sentence parts together  You need a healthy diet, and you also need exercise.

Expressers  Interjection  Expresses emotion  Ouch ! That hurt.

 Oh ! How lovely!

PARTS OF A SENTENCE  Subject  Predicate  Object  Phrase  Clause

Subject  The someone/something that does something in a sentence; this someone/something in a sentence’s main clause is called the bare subject  Who or what the sentence is about  The actor in the sentence

Predicate  What the subject is, or what the subject did  Everything other than the subject  The main verb (the action that the someone/something is doing) in the predicate is called the bare predicate

Example  My best friend plays guitar.

Subject predicate.

Direct Object  Receives the action of the main verb

Indirect Object  Receives the direct object

Example  Josh threw the ball to Amanda .

Direct object indirect object

Phrases and Clause  Phrase does not have its own subject and verb  into the forest  Clause has its own subject and verb  the children ran

Example  The children ran into the forest.

clause phrase

Phrase  A group of words in a sentence that acts grammatically

as a part of speech

 It cannot stand alone as a sentence because it has neither a subject or a predicate

Main Clause  A group of words with a subject and a predicate that contain the main subject and the main verb (bare predicate) of the entire sentence  It can be joined to another clause with a coordinating conjunction (remember FANBOYS) or stand alone as a complete sentence

Subordinate Clause  A clause that begins with a subordinate conjunction, making it less important than the main clause in the same sentence  It cannot stand alone as a sentence

Example  I went to the dentist because my tooth hurt .

Main clause subordinate clause

Relative Clause  A clause that begins with a relative pronoun such as who, that, or which that cannot be separated from the word or phrase it relates to.

The student who meets deadlines successful.

is

TYPES OF SENTENCES  Simple  Compound  Complex  Compound-complex

Simple  One subject and one verb ( one main clause)  John built the house.

Compound  Two or more main clauses  I knocked at the door and rang the doorbell, but no one seemed to hear me.

Complex  One main and one or more subordinate clauses  When we returned, the fire was out.

Compound-Complex  Two or more main clauses, and one or more subordinate clauses  I dropped my napkin, and I spilled my drink while the speaker was proposing a toast.