Transcript Natural Selection and the Evidence of Evolution

Natural Selection and the Evidence
of Evolution
Evolution Foldable
1. Fold 4 pieces of paper, hamburger style
into a flip book.
2. Staple with two staplers at the top.
3. Write the title “Natural
Selection and the
Evidence of Evolution
4. Pictures for the booklet are
on a separate sheet.
Flipbook should look like this…
Place staples here
(Inside of flipbook)
Top Flap
Natural Selection and
Evidence of Evolution
(Inside of flipbook)
Bottom Flap
(Front of flipbook)
Table of Contents
• Inside of the FIRST BOTTOM FLAP, write
the table of contents.
• Write the page numbers of every page
including the back of the book.
• 13 pages total.
On the bottom flap write:
Table of Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Modern Theory of Evolution …………………..
Origins of Evolution …………………………….
Natural Selection & Types ……………………...
Influences of Evolution …………………………
Patterns of Evolution & Speciation ……………
Evidences of Evolution …………………………
page #
1-2
3-4
5-6
7-8
9 - 10
11 -13
* Number every page after Table of Contents, 13 pages
total.
1. Modern Theory of Evolution
(Inside) On Top 1st Flap pg. 1 draw the
Frayer chart
What is Evolution?
What is Natural Selection?
EVOLUTION
Why makes certain individuals
more able to survive?
How does Natural
Selection work?
Page 1 directions
• Complete the Frayer chart for page 1
using the information on the following
slides (links below).
– What is evolution?
– Why makes certain individuals more able to
survive?
– What is natural selection?
– How does Natural Selection work?
What is evolution?
The change in populations over time.
Insights into why only
certain individuals survive…
• Traits vary among populations; these traits
are inherited
• Breeding with others that had desirable
traits produced offspring with these traits
What is natural selection?
• Mechanism of change in populations over
time
(Inside) On Bottom Flap pg. 2
draw:
Who is Darwin?
Who is Malthus?
Directions pg. 2
• Complete the chart using the information
for the following (links below)
– Who is Darwin?
• Who is Darwin?
• Darwin’s book.
• Darwin’s hypothesis
– Who is Malthus?
• Thomas Malthus
• How Malthus affected Darwin’s Ideas?
Who is Charles Darwin?
• English scientist/naturalist
whose ideas provide
foundation for the theory of
evolution by natural selection
• Sailed on HMS Beagle for 5
years studying and collecting
biological and fossil
specimens
Major Ports of Call…
• Galapagos Islands
– Location: Near equator, 1000km off west
coast of S. America
– What he studied: many species of animals
and plants unique to the island, but are similar
elsewhere
– Major findings: Observations led to his
consideration that species change over time
Darwin’s book…
• 1859, The Origin of
Species
• Detailed account on
his ideas and
theories that
support evolution
Darwin’s Hypothesis…
• Artificial Selection- breeding organism with
specific traits in order to produce offspring
with identical traits
• There is force in nature that works like
artificial selection
Thomas Malthus
• Proposed idea that human populations
grow faster than Earth’s food supply
How Malthus affected Darwin’s
ideas…
• Realized organisms struggle to compete in
changing environments. Many types of
competition exist:
– Food and space
– Escaping predators
– Location of shelter
2. Origins of Evolution
(Inside) On Top Flap pg. 3 draw:
BIOGENSIS
SPONTANEOUS
GENERATION
Directions pg. 3
• Complete the Venn diagram on pg. 3
using the following information. be sure to
follow directions.
• Click on the links below.
– Spontaneous Generation
– Biogenesis
Spontaneous Generation
• Theory states that non-living matter
produces life
• Disproved by Redi’s Experiment
“Life does not just appear, it comes from other
living things”
Biogenesis
• Theory that living things come from other
living things
• Proven by Pasteur’s experiment
(Inside) On Bottom Flap pg. 4 :
• Paste/Tape the following pictures
3. Natural Selection
(Inside) On Top Flap pg. 5 draw:
What is Natural Selection?
How does it occur?
NATURAL SELECTION
What are the types of Natural
Selection?
Picture
Directions pg. 5
• Complete “Natural Selection” Frayer chart
using the following information using the
links below:
– What is Natural Selection?
– How does it occur?
– What are the types of Natural Selection?
– Picture (put picture on pg. 6 of your booklet.)
Natural Selection
What is it?
• Change in an allele
over a period of time
How does it occur?
• Occurs in
populations! Evolution
can not occur in a
single individual
Types of Natural
Selection are:
• Stabilizing
• Directional
• Disruptive
Picture:
(Inside) On Bottom Flap pg 6. write:
Glue in the following picture & Label the following:
A) mode of natural selection in
which a single phenotype is
favored, causing the allele
frequency to continuously shift
in one direction
B) Mode of natural selection in
which genetic diversity
decreases as the population
stabilizes, selects against
extreme values of the
character and favors the
intermediate variants
C) extreme values for a trait are
favored; the variance of the
trait increases and the
population is divided into two
distinct groups
4. Influences of Evolution
(Inside) On Top Flap pg. 7 write:
Glue in the following picture & Label the following:
Genetic Equilibrium
• Defined as the frequency
of alleles that remains the
same over generations
• Evolution only occurs
when alleles are not in
equilibrium
• Label the picture that
shows “genetic
equilibrium”
Mutations
• Any change in DNA
• Causing individuals in a
population to express a
new phenotype
(Inside) On Bottom Flap pg. 8 write:
Glue in the following picture & Label the following:
Gene Flow
• also called migration
• addition of genes into
a population
• alters allelic
frequencies
Genetic Drift
• random events
remove genes from a
population
• gene frequencies in a
population change
5. Patterns of Evolution &
Speciation
(Inside) On Top Flap pg. 9 write:
Glue in the following picture & Label the following:
Divergent Evolution
Convergent Evolution
• Species that evolve to be
different even though
they come from a
common ancestor
• Species that evolve to be
similar to each other
• For example: they have
similar structures
(Inside) On Bottom Flap pg. 10 write:
Glue in the following picture & Label the following:
Speciation
• a lineage-splitting
event that produces
two or more separate
species
6. Evidences of Evolution
(Inside) On Top Flap pg. 11 write:
Evidences of Evolution
• Adaptations- structural and physiological
• Fossil Evidence
• Anatomical Evidence
• Embryology
• Biochemistry
Why?
– Variation that aids an organisms chances of survival in
its environment
– Develop in a species over many generations
(Inside) On Bottom of Flap pg. 12 write:
Structural Adaptations
Physiological Adaptations
• What are they?
– Changes in
– Protect against predators
organism’s
• Mimicry
metabolic processes
– Enables one species to • Example:
resemble another
– After years of
exposure to specific
• Camouflage
pesticides, insects
– Enables species to blend
and weeds have
with surroundings
become resistant
• Teeth and Claws
(Inside) On Top Flap pg. 13 write: (more to write
on next slide)
Fossil Evidence
• Indirect source
• Provide record of early
life
• As record becomes more
complete, the sequence
of evolution is clearer
Anatomical Evidence
1.
Homologous Structurescommon evolutionary origin
2. Analogous Structures- no
common origin, but similar in
function
(Inside) pg. 13 continue write:
Anatomical Evidence
3. Vestigial- body structure in present
day organism that no longer
serves original purpose
Embryological Evidence
• Similarities in development
before birth
Biochemical Evidence
• All organisms share DNA, ATP
and many enzymes among
their biochemical molecules
*You are finished with your flipbook.
your flipbook.
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