Transcript Slide 1

How
Scientists
Work
The
Scientific
Method
Hunt for
I think
if you …..
Protocol = sequence &
method of measurement
Control =
normal condition
ONLY 1
Manipulated variable =
Factor deliberately changed to start the experiment.
Be accurate & detailed
in measurements or
observations
& drawings
Analyze data
with graphs or charts
Hey, everyone
I just found out
that ….
Figure 1-8 Redi’s Experiment on
Spontaneous Generation
Section 1-2
OBSERVATIONS: Flies land on meat that is left uncovered. Later, maggots appear on the meat.
HYPOTHESIS: Flies produce maggots.
PROCEDURE
Uncovered jars
Controlled Variables:
jars, type of meat,
location, temperature,
time
Covered jars
Several
days pass
Manipulated Variables:
gauze covering that
keeps flies away from
meat
Responding Variable:
whether maggots
Maggots appear
No maggots appear
appear
CONCLUSION: Maggots form only when flies come in contact with meat. Spontaneous
generation of maggots did not occur.
Figure 1-10 Spallanzani’s Experiment
Section 1-2
Gravy is boiled.
Flask is
open.
Gravy is teeming
with microorganisms.
Gravy is boiled.
Flask is
sealed.
Gravy is free of
microorganisms.
Figure 1-11 Pasteur’s Experiment
Section 1-2
Broth is boiled.
Broth is free of
microorganisms
for a year.
Curved neck
is removed.
Broth is
teeming with
microorganisms.
Figure 1-11 Pasteur’s Experiment
Section 1-2
Broth is boiled.
Broth is free of
microorganisms
for a year.
Curved neck
is removed.
Broth is
teeming with
microorganisms.
Figure 1-11 Pasteur’s Experiment
Section 1-2
Broth is boiled.
Broth is free of
microorganisms
for a year.
Curved neck
is removed.
Broth is
teeming with
microorganisms.
Figure 1-11 Pasteur’s Experiment
Section 1-2
Broth is boiled.
Broth is free of
microorganisms
for a year.
Curved neck
is removed.
Broth is
teeming with
microorganisms.
Flowchart
Section 1-2
Designing an Experiment
State the Problem
Analyze Results
Form a Hypothesis
Draw a Conclusion
Set Up a Controlled Experiment
Publish Results
Record Results
Characteristics of Living Things
Section 1-3
Characteristic
Examples
Living things are made up of units called
cells.
Living things reproduce.
Living things obtain and use materials and
energy.
Many microorganisms consist of only a single cell.
Animals and trees are multicellular.
Maple trees reproduce sexually. A hydra can
reproduce asexually by budding.
Flies produce flies. Dogs produce dogs. Seeds from
maple trees produce maple trees.
Flies begin life as eggs, then become maggots, and
then become adult flies.
Plants obtain their energy from sunlight. Animals
obtain their energy from the food they eat.
Living things respond to their environment.
Leaves and stems of plants grow toward light.
Living things maintain a stable internal
environment.
Despite changes in the temperature of the
environment, a robin maintains a constant body
temperature.
Taken as a group, living things change
over time.
Plants that live in the desert survive because they have
become adapted to the conditions of the desert.
Living things are based on a universal
genetic code.
Living things grow and develop.
Levels of Organization
Biosphere
Ecosystem
The part of Earth
that contains all
ecosystems
Biosphere
Community and
its nonliving
surroundings
Hawk, snake, bison, prairie dog, grass, stream, rocks, air
Community
Populations that
live together in a
defined area
Hawk, snake, bison, prairie dog, grass
Population
Group of
organisms of one
type that live in
the same area
Bison herd
Levels of Organization continued
Organism
Individual
living
thing
Groups
of
Cells
Tissues,
organs,
and organ
systems
Cells
Smallest
functional
unit of life
Molecules
Groups of atoms;
smallest unit of
most chemical
compounds
Bison
Brain
Nervous tissue
Nervous system
Nerve cell
Water
DNA