Transcript Slide 1
20 Years of Human Development Approach
Doha, Qatar, 9-11 May Workshop on HD Approach and Measurement for the GCC States, Doha, 9-11 May, 2011
HDRs: Ahead of the curve
1.
Concept and Measurement 2. Financing 3. Global Dimensions 4. People’s Participation 5. Human Security 6. Gender 7. Economic Growth 8. Poverty 9. Consumption 10. Globalization 11. Human Rights 12. New technologies 13. Democracy 14. MDGs 15. Cultural Liberty 16. Aid, trade and security 17. Water 18. Climate Change 19. Human Mobility 20.Pathways to Human Development
Workshop on HD Approach and Measurement for the GCC States, Doha, 9-11 May, 2011
Affirming human development: 20 years on “People are the real wealth of a nation.” 1990 Core of human development: sustainability, equity and empowerment 2010
Workshop on HD Approach and Measurement for the GCC States, Doha, 9-11 May, 2011
Affirming human development: 20 years on •
Human development expands people’s freedoms to live long, healthy and creative lives on a sustainable basis.
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Empowers people to engage actively in shaping equitable development processes – on a shared planet.
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People are both the beneficiaries and drivers of human development, as individuals and in groups.
Workshop on HD Approach and Measurement for the GCC States, Doha, 9-11 May, 2011
40 years of progress
Worldwide trends in the Human Development Index, 1970 - 2010
Workshop on HD Approach and Measurement for the GCC States, Doha, 9-11 May, 2011
40 years of progress
Worldwide trends in the Human Development Index, 1970 - 2010
40 years of progress
Worldwide trends in the Human Development Index, 1970 - 2010
40 years of progress
Worldwide trends in the Human Development Index, 1970 - 2010
40 years of progress
Workshop on HD Approach and Measurement for the GCC States, Doha, 9-11 May, 2011
40 years of progress
Workshop on HD Approach and Measurement for the GCC States, Doha, 9-11 May, 2011
Diversity of paths
Oman China Nepal Benin Burundi Zimbabwe Djibouti DR Congo
Workshop on HD Approach and Measurement for the GCC States, Doha, 9-11 May, 2011
Saudi Arabia Tunisia Congo Zambia
Understanding performance
• • • • Initial conditions explain only half of outcomes Flow of ideas and technologies Gender equity and accountability Context matters – Tunisia: Education a policy focus – Oman and Saudi Arabia: Using oil wisely – Zambia: A perfect storm
Workshop on HD Approach and Measurement for the GCC States, Doha, 9-11 May, 2011
A new lens on development success
Workshop on HD Approach and Measurement for the GCC States, Doha, 9-11 May, 2011
Growth doesn’t always come with human development – even over 40 years
Workshop on HD Approach and Measurement for the GCC States, Doha, 9-11 May, 2011
Convergence in human development, but divergence in income
40 years of progress
Workshop on HD Approach and Measurement for the GCC States, Doha, 9-11 May, 2011
40 years of progress
Kuwait 1970 Saudi Arabia OMAN 1980 Bahrain Qatar Oman 1990 year 2000 Kuwait Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates 2010
Workshop on HD Approach and Measurement for the GCC States, Doha, 9-11 May, 2011
40 years of progress
1970 1980 1990 year Kuwait Saudi Arabia Bahrain 2000 Oman Qatar UAR 2010 Adult Literacy Enrollment of children 1970 1980 1990 year 2000 2010
40 years of progress
1970 1980 1990 year 2000 2010 Health
Workshop on HD Approach and Measurement for the GCC States, Doha, 9-11 May, 2011
40 years of progress
1970 1980 Kuwait Saudi Arabia Bahrain 1990 year 2000 Oman Qatar United Arab Emirates 2010 Living Standard
Workshop on HD Approach and Measurement for the GCC States, Doha, 9-11 May, 2011
Beyond the HDI: Good things don’t always come together
SUSTAINABILITY
100
21%
50
31%
GENDER INEQUALITY
0 -50 -100 LO 0,0
22%
0,2 0,4
HDI
0,6 0,8
25%
1,0
Workshop on HD Approach and Measurement for the GCC States, Doha, 9-11 May, 2011
Lack of sustainability is arguably the greatest challenge to human development Worsening of key measures of sustainability, 1970-2006/8
Workshop on HD Approach and Measurement for the GCC States, Doha, 9-11 May, 2011
Innovative measures offer new insights
• Refined HDI New measures for assessing inequality and multiple dimensions of poverty, building on better data and advances in methods – Inequality adjusted HDI – – Gender Inequality Index Multidimensional Poverty Index
Workshop on HD Approach and Measurement for the GCC States, Doha, 9-11 May, 2011
Innovative measures offer new insights
Empirical measure Deprivation Average level Vulnerability Inequality Health Components of human development Education Material goods
Multidimensional Poverty Index
Political freedom Social cohesion
HDI
Empowerment indicators Indicators of environmental sustainability, human security, well being, decent work
Inequality-adjusted HDI Gender Inequality Index Workshop on HD Approach and Measurement for the GCC States, Doha, 9-11 May, 2011
Over the past half century, we find:
• • • • • • • Reaffirming human development Steady, long-term advances for most, but not all, nations and groups in both education and health -- as well as important exceptions New lens on trends & pathways No general convergence in incomes; despite major growth surges in East Asia and India, very few countries have caught up Lack of correlation between changes in income, and in health and education Broad dimensions & innovative measures New approaches to policy
Workshop on HD Approach and Measurement for the GCC States, Doha, 9-11 May, 2011
Beyond 2010: Looking ahead
• Policy – – – Take context seriously Think principles first Shift global policy and governance • Research – – A new economics of human development Incorporate broader dimensions of HD
Workshop on HD Approach and Measurement for the GCC States, Doha, 9-11 May, 2011
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The challenge of equitable and sustainable progress
Defining sustainable human development
The preservation – and whenever possible expansion – of the substantive freedoms and capabilities of people today while undertaking reasonable efforts to avoid risks that would seriously compromise the capability of future generations to have similar – or greater – freedoms.
Workshop on HD Approach and Measurement for the GCC States, Doha, 9-11 May, 2011
Why Equity and Sustainability?
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Normative argument:
“It would be a gross violation of the universalist principle if we were to be obsessed about intergenerational equity without at the same time seizing the problem of intragenerational equity” ( Anand and Sen, 2000 ) •
Empirical argument:
– “many problems of resource depletion and environmental stress arise from disparities in economic and political power. ...our
inability to promote the common interest in sustainable development is often a product of the relative neglect of economic and social justice within and amongst
nations”( Bruntlandt Commission, 1987 ) •
Can we identify intersections that allow for mutually supportive policies?
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Positive synergies Workshop on HD Approach and Measurement for the GCC States, Doha, 9-11 May, 2011
Rethinking our development model
• Which countries have been able to reduce inequality, improve HDI, and improve sustainability?
• ‘Environmental’ deprivations are pervasive among the MPI poor • Environmental degradation threatens multiple aspects of wellbeing • Inequalities in gender can undermine environmentally sustainable outcomes • Integrating equity concerns into global environmental policy design
Workshop on HD Approach and Measurement for the GCC States, Doha, 9-11 May, 2011