Transcript Chapter 15: The First Global Age

Chapter 15:
The First Global Age
Section 1: The Search for Spices
Section 2: Diverse Traditions of Southeast Asia
Section 3: European Footholds in Southeast Asia & India
Section 4: Encounters in East Asia
Section 1: The Search for Spices

Europeans Explore the Seas

Prior to the Renaissance, Europeans had been
introduced to luxury goods from Asia via the
Crusades and the overland trade routes
established by the Mongol Empire
Trade Routes from
Asia to Europe
Section 1: The Search for Spices
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As the Renaissance was reaching its height,
the growing population of Europe began to
demand greater quantities of Asian goods

The most valued of these goods were spices,
such as:
Cinnamon
 Nutmeg
 Cloves
 Pepper

Section 1: The Search for Spices
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Motives:

In the 1400s, Muslim and Italian merchants
controlled most of the trade between Asia and
Europe
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They had a monopoly on Asian goods and charged high
prices
The rest of Europe wanted to by-pass these middlemen and gain direct access to Asian goods

Direct access would mean cheaper prices for European
consumers
Section 1: The Search for Spices

Improved Technology helped Europeans to travel
the seas
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Cartographers, or mapmakers produced accurate
maps
The Astrolabe allowed sailors to determine latitude
while at sea
The Caravel was a combination of the “squared”
European sail and the triangular Arab sail that
allowed for faster traveling of the ocean
Astrolabe
European Square & Arab Triangular
+
= Caravel
Caravel
Section 1: The Search for Spices

Portugal Sails Eastward
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Prince Henry the Navigator created schools for
sailors, commissioned (placed orders)
cartographers to draw maps, and financed (paid
for) the explorations of Africa
In 1460, Bartholomeu Dias rounded the southern
tip of Africa and opened a sea route to Asia with
his exploration
Section 1: The Search for Spices

Columbus Sails to the West

He convinced Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain to
finance his “enterprise to the Indies”

Columbus spent several months in the Caribbean, which
he believed to be India, and began calling the people he
found Indians
Section 1: The Search for Spices
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The Line of Demarcation

Spain and Portugal argued over who owned the
lands that Columbus had explored

In 1493, Pope Alexander VI stepped in to mediate the
peace

He set the Line of Demarcation dividing the non-European world
into two zones:
 Spain was to control all land to the west of the line, and
Portugal all land to the east
Section 1: The Search for Spices
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Continued European Exploration

Europeans continue to seek routes around
and through the Americas:

In 1513, Spanish adventurer, Vasco Nunez de
Balboa became the first European to see the
Pacific Ocean from an American shore
Section 1: The Search for Spices

In 1519, Ferdinand Magellan begins his
journey to circumnavigate or sail around
the world
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In 1522, the survivors of the journey returned
home to be hailed as heroes

Of the original 5 ships and 250 men, 1 ship and 18
men returned (Magellan had died in 1521)
Section 1: The Search for Spices

Search for the Northwest Passage

In 1497, King Henry VII of England sent a
navigator named John Cabot to seek a more
northerly route to the new world

Cabot found rich fishing grounds off
Newfoundland, which he claimed for England
Section 2: Diverse Traditions of Southeast Asia
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Summary:
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Because of its location, Southeast Asia was affected
by the cultures of China and India
Section 2: Diverse Traditions of Southeast Asia
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Southeast Asia is composed of a mainland and
scattered islands
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It is located between China and India
Modern countries there include Myanmar (Burma),
Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Indonesia, the
Philippines, Singapore, Brunei and Malaysia
Section 2: Diverse Traditions of Southeast Asia
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Ships traveling between China and India had to
pass through Southeast Asian waters

Between monsoon seasons, ships waited in
Southeast Asian ports
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These ports became centers of trade and culture
Section 2: Diverse Traditions of Southeast Asia
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India and China influenced the culture of
Southeast Asia
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Indians traveling to Southeast Asia brought ideas
about government, law, art and architecture
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They introduced Buddhism, Hinduism and Islam to the
region
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In 111B.C., China conquered Northern Vietnam
The Chinese ruled Vietnam for 1,000 years
During that time the Vietnamese adopted many Chinese ideas
Section 2: Diverse Traditions of Southeast Asia
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Kingdoms emerged in Southeast Asia that
blended Indian and Southeast Asian ways
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The ruler of the kingdom of Pagan united the region
in A.D.1044 and introduce Buddhism
The Kymer Empire thrived between 800-1350
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Kymer rulers became Hindus
The Srivijaya nation prospered between the 600s
and the 1200s
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As in other nations, its people added Hindu and Buddhist
ideas to their own religious practices
Section 3: European Footholds in Southeast Asia & India
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Summary:
 Europeans used military power
to build trading empires in
Southeast Asia
Section 3: European Footholds in Southeast Asia & India
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In 1510, the Portuguese took control of the
Indian Ocean trade network from the Muslims
 The Portuguese seized the port of Malacca,
the most important Arab trading city
 They also conquered cities on the east coast
of Africa and destroyed Arab ships at sea
 In a short time, Portugal controlled the
spice trade between Europe and Asia
Section 3: European Footholds in Southeast Asia & India
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By the late 1500s, Portuguese power in the
Indian Ocean was declining
Meanwhile, the Dutch were setting up trading
colonies around the world
 In 1641 the Dutch captured Malacca from the
Portuguese and began trading with China
 Before long, the Dutch controlled the Asian
spice trade
Section 3: European Footholds in Southeast Asia & India
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Before the 1700s, the Mughal Empire in India
was richer and more powerful than any European
empire
 The Mughal’s did not want to trade with the
Europeans
 Still, Mughal emperors allowed European
trading companies to build forts and
warehouses along the coast of India
Section 3: European Footholds in Southeast Asia & India
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In the early 1700s, Mughal leaders
ended their policy of religious
toleration and conflicts began to arise
 Civil war led to a decline in Mughal
power
Section 3: European Footholds in Southeast Asia & India
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Then, the British East India Company
forced the Mughal emperor to allow it
to collect taxes in northeast India
Before long the company was the real
ruler of the region
Slowly the Company spread its
influence to other parts of India
Section 4: Encounters in East Asia
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Summary:
 China, Korea and Japan limited
contact with western nations
Section 4: Encounters in East Asia
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European traders reached China in 1514
 The Ming rulers of China were not
interested in European goods because
they thought the goods were not well
made
 They allowed Europeans to trade only at
Canton and forced them to leave after
each trading season ended
Section 4: Encounters in East Asia
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When the Ming Dynasty declined, Manchu
conquers from the west set up the Qing
Dynasty
 The Qing continued to limit European
traders, reject foreign goods and refuse
treaties
Later, this policy would prove
disastrous
Section 4: Encounters in East Asia
Before 1500, Korean traders
traveled all over East Asia
 Then, in the 1590s, Japan
conquered Korea
 Less than fifty years later, the
Manchus forced Korea to become
a tributary state of China
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Section 4: Encounters in East Asia
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In response the Koreans decided to
isolate themselves
 Foreigners were not allowed in
Korea
 Shipwrecked sailors were
imprisoned
 Korea became known as the
“Hermit Kingdom”
Section 4: Encounters in East Asia
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At first, the Japanese welcomed
European traders and ideas
 The Japanese bought European
weapons and learned how to build
castles in the European style
 Many Japanese converted to
Christianity
Section 4: Encounters in East Asia
 However,
Japanese rulers
did not trust the Europeans
 In time they forced all
Europeans to leave Japan
and persecuted Japanese
Christians
Section 4: Encounters in East Asia
 By
1638, Japanese rulers had
ended western trade and banned
travel outside the country
 Japan remained isolated for
the next 200 years