Transcript Respirator Standard Photos

Means of Egress
and Fire Protection
Objectives
• Understand Alarms and Warning Devices
• Know the location of Exits and Exit Routes
• Understand the RACE and PASS Methods
• Understand the Types of Fire Extinguishers
• Know Proper Use of Portable Fire Extinguishers
NOT for Electrical Equipment fires
2
Fire in the United States
 The U.S. has one of the highest fire death rates in
the industrialized world. Fire killes more Americans
than all natural disasters combined .
 An average of 3,200 Americans lost their lives and
another 17,500 were injured annually as the result
of fire.
 Fire is the third leading cause of accidental death
in the home; at least 80 percent of all fire deaths
occur in residences.
 Direct property loss due to fires is estimated at
$15.3 billion annually.
3
Where Fires Occur
• There are over 1.5 million fires reported in the
United States annually, of these:
40% were Outside Fires
31% were Structure Fires
22% were Vehicle Fires
7 % were fires of other types
• Fires in the home most often start in the:
Kitchen 29%
Bedroom 13%
Living Room 7%
Chimney 5%
Laundry Area 4%
4
Warning Alarms
General Requirements
• Fire alarms are required if a fire could
start without providing adequate
warning to occupants.
Alarms might include:
– Voice – yell for help/fire/Code Red
– Public Address system (PA)
– Alarm Pull Stations
Escape Route
• A continuous, unobstructed way of
exit from any point in a building or
structure to a rally point.
• Three parts to an escape route:
the path of exit access
the exit door or opening
the way of exit discharge.
RACE Method of Evacuation
R Remove all persons in danger!
A Always sound the alarm and notify authorities.
C Contain by closing the windows and doors.
E Extinguish the fire only if you are trained and
confident it is safe to do so.
7
Portable Fire Extinguisher
Training and Education
• Where portable fire extinguishers have been
provided for employee use in the workplace,
employees must be provided with an
educational program on the:
General principles of fire extinguisher use
Hazards of incipient stage fire fighting
• Employees designated to use extinguishers
must receive instruction and hands-on practice
in the operation of equipment
Types of Fire Extinguishers
Class A – ordinary combustibles
Class B – flammable liquids, gases, greases
Class C – energized electrical equipment
Class D – combustible metals
Class K – cooking media
9
The Fire Triangle
• Heat
• Fuel
• Oxygen
10
Extinguisher Rating
• All extinguishers are rated according to the class and size of
the fire they are designed for.
• Class A and B receive a numerical rating to determine the
extinguishing potential for each type and size of extinguisher.
• Class C is basically a class A or B fire with electricity involved.
The C designation indicates a non-conductive agent.
• Class D extinguishers have no numerical rating, however the
exact type of metal the extinguisher is designed for must be on
the label.
• Class K extinguishers have no numerical rating, and uses a
special wet chemical extinguishing agent that is specially
suited for extinguishing and suppressing these extremely hot
fires that have the ability to re-flash.
Extinguisher Rating
• Class A extinguishers are rated 1-A to 40-A.
1-A equals 1 1/4 gallons of water and is the
benchmark even for non-water type
extinguishers.
• 2-A has two times the extinguishing capability
of a 1-A, 10-A ten times a 1-A etc.
Extinguisher Rating
• Class B extinguishers are rated 1-B to 640-B.
1-B equals one square foot and is the
benchmark.
• A 60-B extinguisher should be able to
extinguish 60 square feet of flammable liquid
fire by a non-expert.
Different Kinds of Extinguishers
The 3 most common fire extinguishers:
 All Purpose Water
 Carbon Dioxide
 Multi-Purpose Dry Chemical
Each type of extinguisher has a specific use.
14
All Purpose Water
• Use on CLASS A fires
• Pressurized water
• Pressure gauge present
15
Carbon Dioxide
• Use on CLASS B and CLASS C fires
• No pressure gauge
Caution!
Skin can freeze to the
discharge horn during use.
16
Multi-Purpose Dry Chemical
• Use on CLASS A, CLASS B, and CLASS C fires
• Fine powder under pressure
• Pressure gauge present
17
Decision Making
Can I escape quickly and safely? NO
YES
Is my extinguisher the right type? NO
YES
Is my extinguisher the right size? NO
YES
Is the area free of other hazards? NO
Leave
Immediately
Leave
Immediately
Leave
Immediately
Leave
Immediately
YES
Extinguish The Fire
18
Decision Making
19
P.A.S.S Method
– Pull
– Aim
– Squeeze
– Sweep
Test the extinguisher before approaching any fire.
20
Fire Suppression Safety
Do:
• Use safety equipment.
• Have two ways to exit.
• Maintain a safe distance.
• Overhaul the fire.
21
Fire Suppression Safety
Do Not:
• Try to suppress large fires.
• Get too close.
• Enter smoke-filled areas.
22
Maintaining Portable Fire Extinguishers
• Must maintain in a fully charged and operable
condition
• Must keep in their designated places at all
times except during use
• Must conduct an annual maintenance check
• Must record the annual maintenance date and
retain this record for one year after the last
entry or the life of the shell, whichever is less
Summary
• Be aware of, and understand, the alarms for fire in
your work area.
• Escape routes must be marked, lighted, free of
obstructions, that my impede or prevent escape
• Follow the steps for PASS and RACE
• Fire extinguisher classes and numerical ratings help a
user understand its capabilities
• Fire extinguishers must be inspected, maintained and
employees must be trained in how to use them