Transcript ARE ALL ROCKS MINERALS? - Paramus Public Schools

ARE ALL ROCKS
MINERALS?
HOW DOES MATTER CHANGE?
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MATTER:
NO MATTER CAN BE CREATED OR DESTROYED
SOLID―›LIQUID:MELTING
LIQUID ―› GAS: EVAPORATION,BOILING
GAS ―› LIQUID: CONDENSATION
LIQUID ―› SOLID: FREEZING
SOLID ―› GAS: SUBLIMATION
GAS ―› SOLID: CRYSTALLIZATION
WHAT IS A MINERAL?
NATURALLY OCCURRING: Formed by natural
processes.
INORGANIC: Do not come from living
organisms.
SOLIDS: All minerals are solid
DEFINITE CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS: Each
mineral has a unique composition (SiO2).
CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE: The atoms are
arranged in regular geometric patterns.
HOW ARE MINERALS
FORMED?
MINERALS FROM
MAGMA: Minerals
can form from
cooling magma from
volcanoes.
MINERALS FROM
SOLUTIONS: In
nature if a solution
of water becomes
supersaturated, or
overfilled, mineral
crystals will begin to
precipitate, or drop
out of the solution.
MAJOR CRYSTAL SYSTEMS
CUBIC
HEXAGONAL
TETRAGONAL
ORTHORHOMBIC
MONCLINIC
TRICLINIC
MINERAL GROUPS
SILICATES: Silicon + Oxygen + metals
Make up 96% of all minerals
CARBONATES: CO3 + metals
SULFATES: SO4 + metals
OXIDES: Oxygen + metals
HALIDES: Halogens + metal
SULFIDES: Sulfur + metals
HOW DO WE IDENTIFY
MINERALS?
COLOR: What color is the mineral?
LUSTER: Metallic or nonmetallic
TEXTURE: How does it feel?
STREAK: Rub a mineral across an unglazed porcelain tile, what
color does it leave behind?
HARDNESS: One of the most useful tests, measures how easily a
mineral can be scratched.
CLEAVAGE/FRACTURE: Cleavage is when a mineral
splits evenly along one or more planes. Fracture occurs
when a mineral breaks roughly, jagged along the edges
because of tightly bonded atoms.
DENSITY & SPECIFIC GRAVITY: D = Mass/Volume;
Specific gravity = ratio of weight of the substance/weight
of equal volume of water at 4˚ C.
WHAT IS A GEM?
A RARE AND BEAUTIFUL
MINERAL OR ROCK
WHAT IS AN ORE?
A ROCK THAT CONTAINS MINERALS YOU
CAN MINE FOR USE TO MAKE A PROFIT
(EXAMPLE: BAUXITE; AN ORE MINED FOR
ALUMINUM TO MAKE SODA
CANS, POTS, PANS ETC.)