Transcript Linking Higher Education with Workforce & Economic Development

Using Education to Make the Most of
Communities We Call Home:
Education, the Economy and
Workforce Development
presented to
2009 National Forum on Education Policy
Nashville, TN
July 10, 2009
National Center for Higher Education Management Systems
3035 Center Green Drive, Suite 150
Boulder, Colorado 80301
The Pressures for Workforce Development &
Increased Education Attainment
• Enhanced Quality of Life – the private and public
benefits of postsecondary education
• Global competitiveness
• Retirement of the Baby Boomers
• Increasing knowledge and skill requirements within
occupations
• Response to employment uncertainty/dislocations
Slide 2
Relationship Between Educational Attainment, Personal
Income, and Economic Strength
$30,000
High Income, Low Educational Attainment
High Income, High Educational Attainment
CT
State New Economy Index (2002)
Top Tier
Middle Tier
NJ
Personal Income Per Capita, 2000
Low Tier
MA
MD
$25,000
NH VA
DE
CA
AK
NV
FL
OH
IN
$20,000
TN
SC
OK
WV
NC AZ
MO
IA ME
TX
WY
LA
ID
SD
NM
NY MN
WA
HI RI
US
WI GA
OR
PA
AL
KY
AR
MI
IL
CO
VT
KS
NE
UT
ND
MT
MS
Low Income, Low Educational Attainment
$15,000
15%
20%
25%
Low Income, High Educational Attainment
30%
35%
Percent of Adults Age 25-64 with a Bachelor’s Degree or Higher
Slide 3
40%
Median Earnings for Population Age 25-64 by Education
Attainment, 2006
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006 American Community Survey PUMS File.
Slide 4
Participation in the Workforce by Level of
Education, 2006 (Percent)
Participating in the Workforce
100
Not Participating in the Workforce
79.1
80
60
86.4
84.3
83.1
74.9
60.8
39.2
40
25.1
20.9
20
16.9
15.7
13.6
0
Less than HS
High School
Some College
Associate
Bachelor's
Graduate/Prof.
Source: Integrated Public Use Microdata Series 5% sample
Slide 5
Increasing Levels of Education Attainment Lead to
Improved Societal Outcomes
•
•
•
•
Increased levels of workforce participation
Decreased rates of incarceration
Improved health outcomes
Reduced participation in Medicaid and other social
service programs
• Greater participation in artistic, cultural, and civic
pursuits
• Higher levels of volunteerism and social engagement
Slide 6
THE U.S. IN A GLOBAL CONTEXT
7
Differences in College Attainment (Associate & Higher) Between
Younger & Older Adults—U.S. & OECD Countries, 2006
60
25 to 34
45 to 54
40
20
0
epub
ey
Turk
c
publi
h Re
lic
Czec
ak R
Slov
It aly
co
Mexi
ria
A u st
gal
Portu
ary
Hung
any
Ger m
ce
Gr ee
nd
Pola
nd
Icela
d
erlan
Switz
rg
mbou
Luxe
ds
erlan
Net h
gdom
d Kin
Unite
ark
and
nd
Finla
ralia
A u st
en
Swed
n
Spai
tes
d St a
Unite
Denm
d
ce
Fran
ay
Nor w
ium
Belg
a
Z eal
Ir elan
New
n
da
Slide 8
Kore
Japa
Cana
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Education at a Glance 2008
Percent of Adults with an Associate Degree or Higher by
Age Group - U.S. & Leading OECD Countries
Age 25-34
Age 55-64
37.7
39.6
40.9
39.2
40.8
41.4
41.5
33.2
36.2
34.6
34.8
28.5
16.9
16.0
19.4
22.5
24.9
26.9
30.0
26.8
24.0
19.2
22.9
20
32.8
30.3
30
41.9
42.2
38.1
39.5
43.6
37.5
37.4
40
39.3
43.2
46.2
50
Age 45-54
53.0
54.1
50.8
54.8
60
Age 35-44
10.6
10
0
Canada
Japan
Korea
New
Zealand
Ireland
Belgium
Norway
France
Denmark
U.S.
Source: OECD, Education at a Glance 2008
Slide 9
Differences in College Attainment (Associate & Higher)
Between Younger & Older Adults—U.S., 2006
70
Age 25-34
Age 45-54
60
50
40
30
20
nsas
Arka a
d
Neva iana
Louis ma
ho
Okla ma
a
Alab s
Texa irginia
tV
Wes
ucky
Kent ssee
e
T enn
ka
Alas sippi
is
Miss M exico
New ing
m
Wyo
Idaho a
n
Arizo Carolina
h
Sout
gia
Geor n
o
Or egna
India
Ohio nia
or
Calif a
Flor id ri
ou
Miss Carolina
Nor th
e
Main
Utah an
ig
Mich as
Kans
rado n
Colo
o
hingt
Was ii
a
Haw onsin
Wisc
is
Illino Dakota
h
Sout
ana
Mont ska
a
Nebr
nia
Vir gi nt
o
Vermsylvania
nd
Penn
e Isla
Rhod ar e
re
w
Dela Hampshi
New
Iowa ct icut
e
Conn er sey
J
New
land
Mar y ork
Y
New esot a
Minn Dakota
Nor th chusett s
a
Mass
DC
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006 American Community Survey (ACS)
Slide 10
WHAT WILL IT TAKE TO CLOSE
THE GAP?
Slide 11
Closing the Gap – Number of Degrees Required
Beyond Current Production
Slide 12
Educational Attainment (Percent)
Current, in 2025 with current degree production, and
best-performing countries in 2025
60
55.0
45.9
41.9
40
37.4
20
0
Current % of Adults Age Projected % in 2025 with Projected % in 2025 with
25-64 with
Current Annual
Current Annual Degree
College Degrees, 2005
Degree Production
Production and
Net Migration
Slide 13
% Needed to Reach
Best-Performing
Countries by 2025
Reaching Top Performance by 2025 (55%) –
United States
94,510,473
Number of Individuals to Match Best-Performing Countries (55%)
31,382,831
Number of Individuals (Age 25-44) Who Already Have Degrees
63,127,642
Additional Degree Production Needed (2005 to 2025)
40,605,747
Degrees Produced at Current Annual Rate of Production
7,045,932
15,626,080
781,304
52.8%
Slide 14
Additional Residents with College Degrees from Net Migration
Additional Degrees Needed
Additional Degrees Needed per Year (Currently Produce
2,135,924 in All Sectors)
Increase in Annual Associate and Bachelor’s Degree Production
Needed (in Public Sector Only)
How Can the U.S. Reach International
Competitiveness?
Current Degree Production Combined with Population Growth and Migration
and Improved Performance on the Student Pipeline Measures
Degrees Produced 2005-25 with
Current Rate of Production
40,605,747
1,255,167
Additional Degrees from Population Growth
Additional Degrees from Net Migration of
College-Educated Residents
7,045,932
Reaching Best Performance in High School
Graduation Rates by 2025
1,265,118
Reaching Best Performance in
College-Going Rates by 2025
Pipeline Performance
Is Cumulative
3,270,900
Reaching Best Performance in Rates of Degree
Production per FTE Student
7,347,209
60,790,073
Total Degrees Produced 2005-25 If All of the Above
63,127,642
Degrees Needed to Meet Best Performance (55%)
0
25,000,000
50,000,000
75,000,000
Source: 2005 ACS, PUMS
Slide 15
The “Gap” - Difference in Annual Degrees Currently
Produced and Annual Degrees Needed to Meet Benchmark
20,000
10,000
0
-10,000
-20,000
Massachusetts
-18,389
Colorado
-11,369
-8,768
New York
Utah
-4,028
Rhode Island
-3,372
Iowa
-3,195
Nebraska -2,122
North Dakota -719
290 Vermont
411 South Dakota
950 Minnesota
959 New Hampshire
1,551
Delaware
1,944
Kansas
2,392
Wyoming
3,639
Monta na
3,726
Hawaii
4,232
Maine
4,262
Connecticut
6,054
Alaska
6,941
Idaho
6,948
West Virginia
7698
New Mexico
8,811
Missouri
9,465
Oklahoma
10,410
Mississippi
10,788
Illinois
11,943
Maryland
12,073
Wisconsin
12,826
Oregon
13,675
Pennsylvania
14,090
Virginia
14,144
Washington
14,434
Indian a
14,455
Alabama
14,477
South Carolina
15,343
Arkansas
16,214
Kentucky
21,467
Michigan
23,424
New Jersey
23,777
Louisiana
24,374
Nevada
24,872
Ohio
25,227
Tennessee
28,582
North Carolina
28,846
Georgia
29,190
Arizona
Florida
California
Texas
30,000
94,162
Slide 16
Accounting for Migration
140,533
131,749
40,000
U.S. = 781,301 (a 52.8% increase in the public sector)
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, PUMS and Population Projections, IPEDS Completions Survey 2004-05
Even Best Performance with Traditional College-Aged Students at Each
Stage of the Educational Pipeline Will Leave Gaps in More than 30 States
Texas
1,333,645
Florida
893,504
California
560,688
New Jersey
320,720
Tennessee
307,956
287,565
Nevada
Louisiana
204,814
Arkansas
186,640
Kentucky
159,765
North Carolina
132,748
Arizona
122,061
In order to reach international competitiveness by
Mississippi
115,120
2025, the U.S. and 32 states can’t close the gap with
114,375
Ohio
South Carolina
112,681
even best performance with traditional college
Alabama
110,495
students. They must rely on the re-entry pipeline –
West Virginia
74,752
65,853
Alaska
getting older adults back into the education system
Oklahoma
62,332
and on track to attaining college degrees.
Oregon
53,995
Michigan
53,574
New Mexico
47,420
Wisconsin
44,757
Maine
39,436
37,706
Idaho
Montana
34,547
Hawaii
28,659
Georgia 25,326
Wyoming 24,741
Maryland 23,542
Connecticut 10,875
Missouri 8,898
Indiana 2,788
0
300,000
600,000
900,000
1,200,000
1,500,000
Slide 17
WORKFORCE VS. WORKPLACE
AS THE FOCUS OF ATTENTION
18
Net Migration of Residents Age 22-29 with an
Associate Degree or Higher, 2004-05
38,372
15,000
10,000
-5,000
-8,315
-8,036
-7,250
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2005 ACS PUMS File
Slide 19
-4,847
-4,675
-2,996
-2,831
-2,469
-2,241
-2,005
-1,734
-1,600
-1,493
-1,116
-742
-680
-609
-463
-242
-220
-206
-73
-10,000
Indiana
Pennsylvania
Louisiana
Ohio
Utah
Michigan
Kansas
North Dakota
West Virginia
Iowa
Arkansas
Maine
Mississippi
New Hampshire
Vermont
Alaska
Rhode Island
Alabama
New Mexico
Wyoming
Oklahoma
Missouri
0
22 Delaware
30 South Dakota
648
Idaho
725
Minnesota
927
Tennessee
1,059
Connecticut
1,342
Nebraska
1,888
Montana
Hawaii
2,667
2,721
Kentucky
3,904
Oregon
4,162
Georgia
4,514
Nevada
5,464
Wisconsin
5,469
Massachusett
5,548
Virginia
South
6,078
Illinois
Arizona
Maryland
Colorado
New York
New Jersey
North Carolina
Washington
Florida
Texas
California
5,000
9,585
10,302
11,376
11,781
11,902
12,425
13,486
15,148
16,260
17,176
20,000
Net Migration of Residents Age 30-64 with an
Associate Degree or Higher, 2004-05
68,825
10,000
5,000
0
-5,000
-10,000
22,835
15,000
New York
Louisiana
-5,199
Ohio
-4,273
Nebraska
-3,391
Massachusetts
-3,349
Illinois
-3,223
California
-3,020
Indiana
-2,157
Rhode Island
-2,060
Alaska
-1,789
Mississippi
-1,698
Kansas -728
North Dakota -498
Wyoming -369
Vermont -43
47 South Dakota
398 Kentucky
1,433
West Virginia
1,911
Maine
2,005
Hawaii
2,030
Michigan
2,461
Iowa
2,804
Minnesota
3,314
Delaware
3,611
Montana
3,692
Oklahoma
3,834
Missouri
3,937
Maryland
4,425
Utah
4,790
New Hampshire
5,585
Connecticut
5,663
New Mexico
6,033
Alabama
6,259
Idaho
6,392
Wisconsin
6,406
Pennsylvania
6,724
Arkansas
8,186
Colorado
9,170
Tennessee
10,572
Oregon
10,834
Nevada
12,015
Virginia
13,309
North Carolina
14,428
South Carolina
15,481
New Jersey
16,333
Georgia
Washington
Arizona
Texas
Florida
20,000
33,029
34,861
35,000
30,000
25,000
-29,733
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2005 ACS PUMS File
Slide 20
Higher Education’s Contributions to Economic
Development
1. Research as Economic Development
2. Commercialization of research that creates new
companies and jobs
3. Teaching Entrepreneurship
4. Converting research findings into problem solutions –
the Scholarship of Application
5. Creating a welcoming environment for the “creative”
class
6. Workforce development – Quick response to employers’
needs
Slide 21