Transcript Steve Jenkins Presentation - Division 4

DIVISION 4
Lighting and Signalling for Transport
Division 4 Officials
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Division Director: Ad de Visser
Division Secretary: Hans Huijben
Division Editor:
Doug Simpson
Webmaster: Tapani Nurmi
New TCs
• TC4-46 300mm Traffic Light (Carl Andersen)
• TC4-47 Use of LEDs in visual signalling (Steve
Jenkins)• TC 4-48 White light in road lighting (Stephan
Voelker)
New Reporterships
• R4-14 Road lighting and accidents (Carl Andersen)
• R4-30 Measuring systems for in situ road characteristics
(Guiseppe Rossi)
• R4-31 Inventory of D4 pubns. on possible energy
improvement review (Hans Huijben)
• R4-32 Reflection properties of road surfaces (Cyril Chain)
• R4-33 Review of CIE pubn. 72 (Norbert Johnson)
• R4-34 Retroreflective and other passive devices as energy
savers (Norbert Johnson)
TCs near completion (1)
• TC4-10 Automobile Lighting Systems –
ready for Div. Voting
• TC4-16 Recommended File Format for
Electronic Transfer of Luminaire
Photometric data –TC is dealing with Div.
Voting comments
TCs near completion (2)
• TC 4-26 Systems for Measurement of
Photometric Quantities of Road Lighting
Installations – ready for voting by TC members
• TC4-37 Road Transport Lighting for
Developing Countries – issued, Report
available as free download
• TC4-43 Emergency Lighting in Tunnels –
ready for Div voting
Developments in Road Lighting
• Driven by:
– Technology developments (new measurement
techniques, new light sources, controllable
electronic ballasts)
– Energy efficiencies
Adaptive Road Lighting (1)
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Installations will be responsive to:
Weather conditions
Traffic volume
Traffic speed
Adaptive Road Lighting (2)
• Central control will monitor real-time
measurements of:
• Pavement luminance
• Traffic volume
• These are compared with criterion levels
and the road lighting changed if necessary.
Road Surface Reflectance (1)
• Growing realisation that new road surfaces
are not well characterised by the standard
CIE road surfaces (R1,R2,R3 and R4)
• Based on careful measurement of cored
samples
Road Surface Reflectance (2)
• Calculations of pavement luminance at many sites
with the new surfaces (UK & France) using
standard r-tables and measured r-tables of modern
road surfaces show that the standard r-tables overestimate the pavement luminance.
• E.g. an installation designed to provide a
pavement luminance of 1.0cd/m2 with standard rtable actually gave a luminance of 0.7cd/m2
Road Surface Reflectance (3)
• This would lead to an increase in night
accidents.
• To maintain the pavement luminance, there
would be increased capital costs and an
increase in energy costs of about 25%.
• Need to make widespread measurements of
road surface types.
Road Surface Reflectance (4)
• Traditional measurement of road surface
reflectance is by coring and lab.
measurement-slow and sample is damaged
• Can now take advantage of CCD luminance
meter to capture pavement luminance over a
wide area, use installation data and I-tables
to work backwards and calculate r-table in
situ.
White Light & Mesopic Vision
(1)
• The spectral sensitivity of human vision
changes with adaptation level and with
retinal eccentricity.
• Visual tasks of drivers change with the road
environment resulting in differences in the
importance of different areas of the retina
White Light & Mesopic Vision
(2)
• The central 2o is dominated by cones and
has the spectral sensitivity of the V(l)
function.
• The periphery has a mesopic spectral
sensitivity function depending on adaptation
luminance and peripheral angle
White Light & Mesopic Vision
(3)
• Division 1 has formed a TC to propose a
model of mesopic vision.
• Division 4 TC 4-48 has a proposed terms of
reference that will validate the Div 1 model
in road lighting
White Light & Mesopic Vision
(4)
• Latest Australian Road Lighting Standard:
• For V category lighting-use manufacturers lamp
lumens for all lamp types
• For P category lighting (except P4 &P5)-use
manufacturers lamp lumens for all lamp types
• For P4 & P5- manufacturers lamp lumens should
be derated by x0.75 for HPS and x0.50 for LPS
White Light & Mesopic Vision
(5)
• For any lighting, and especially for P
category lighting, use sources with highest
S/P ratio and CRI value compatible with
costs, lamp mortality, lumen maintenance.