Transcript Slide 1

Seminar in IPM Theory and
Practice (ENY 6934)
Norm Leppla
University of Florida, IFAS
Introduction to Integrated Pest
Management (IPM)
• History of IPM
• What is IPM?
• IPM practices and applications
• Pest outbreaks and growers reaction
• IPM education, training and credentials
• Access to IPM information
• Future of IPM in Florida and elsewhere
Synthetic Pesticide Proliferation
and Concerns
• DDT introduced in 1939, resistance 1947
• Pesticide use grows 1940s and 1950s
• Thousands of pesticides registered
(~$40 billion worldwide by 2007)
• The “Magic bullet“ mindset established
• Integrated Control Concept: Stern, Smith,
van den Bosch, and Hagen (1959)
• Rachael Carson, Silent Spring (1962)
Government’s Reaction
Nixon Administration 1969-74
1969- National Environmental
Policy Act (CEQ)
1970- EPA established
1972- FIFRA extensively
amended (first passed
in 1947)
1972- EPA cancels most uses of DDT
1972- The "Huffaker Project" $12.5 million
(NSF, USDA, EPA)
Government’s Action
Ford 1974, Carter 1977, Reagan
1981, Bush 1989-93
1975- CES Extension IPM,
every state $0.5-$1.5 m
1979- “Adkisson Project”
$3.5 million
1989- Biocontrol Centennial
1990- NBCI, ANBP, IBMA, etc.
1990- National Organic
Production Act
1992- First National IPM Forum
Government’s Action
Clinton Administration 1993-2001
1993- NAS, Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and
Children; IPM Initiative, IPM in 75% of nation's
crops by 2000; Pesticide reduction- DOD, GSA,
USFS, NPS
1996- NAS, Ecologically Based Pest Management, New
Solutions for a New Century; FQPA Act
1998- CSREES Regional IPM Centers, RIPM (GAO)
2001- G. W. Bush presidency relaxed regulation
2009- B. H. Obama presidency, reduce USDA, ARS;
reorganize NIFA.
What is IPM?
National Road Map
for Integrated Pest Management
(USDA, Office of Pest Management Policy)
May 17, 2004
Integrated Pest Management, or IPM, is a longstanding, science-based, decision-making
process that identifies and reduces risks from
pests and pest management related strategies..
http://www.ipmcenters.org/Docs/IPMRoadMap.pdf
What is IPM?
 IPM is the coordinated use of pest and
environmental information and available
pest control methods…
 to prevent unacceptable levels of pest
damage by the most economical means...
 with the least possible hazard to people,
property and the environment.
IPM System
• Pest outbreaks &
INCREASE…
disease epidemics
• Reliability
• Environmental
• Sustainability
contamination
• Human health
Chem
hazards
• Pest mgmt.
Biological Control
costs
• Reduce
risk…
Cultural
Methods
IPM Practices
Where is IPM practiced?
7th International IPM Symposium
Due to its tremendous success and
acceptance, IPM is in:
 Sustainable and organic agriculture
 Food security, safety and quality
 Community and school IPM
 Environmental, conservation
 Federal and state regulatory activities
 Public health, renewable energy, etc.
http://www.ipmcenters.org/ipmsymposium12/
What Causes Pest
Outbreaks?






Alien invasive species
Disrupted environments
Pesticide resistance
Local invasions
Perceptions
Others causes?
Grower’s Reaction to
Outbreaks
Alien Invasive Pest
Reaction to
a New Pest
Resistant Crop
Vulnerable Crop
• Competitors
• Natural enemies
• Resistant varieties
Pesticide program:
• Application methods
• Resistance management
• New pesticides
Integrated pest management program:
• Cultural practices
• Scouting, Identification of pests and NE
• Conservation of natural enemies
• Augmentation of natural enemies
• Reduced-risk insecticides
• Resistance management
Generic IPM Program
 Biological knowledge
 Monitoring and inspection
 Act to control pests when necessary
 Choose least-risk options
 Long-term, preventative practices
 Evaluation and records
 Pesticide management
 Continual improvement
IPM Education and Training
Pest Prevention and Detection
Prevent pest outbreaks through habitat
manipulation and other cultural practices
Gain experience with pest habitats, e.g.,
crops or buildings
Know the life cycles of the host plants,
pests and beneficial organisms
Understand the ecology and adaptability
of the organisms
IPM Education and Training
Pest Identification and Management
Utilize scouting and other monitoring techniques
Accurately identify key pest and beneficial organisms
Apply damage, economic and other action thresholds
Design systems of mitigation that minimize
environmental impacts
IPM Education and Training
General Knowledge and Professionalism
Practice safe and appropriate use of
pesticides and other IPM tactics
Know current laws and regulations
pertinent to pest management
Be able to rapidly access pest
management information
Be involved in pest management and
related organizations
IPM Capabilities
Education & experience. An inter-disciplinary
education in the traditional scientific
disciplines plus hands-on, practical
experience is essential.
Synthesis & integration. Education and
training prepare pest managers to synthesize
knowledge from across disciplines and
integrate pest management within entire
production systems.
IPM Capabilities
Problem solving & critical thinking.
Experience is gained in accurately
diagnosing and rapidly solving plant health
problems while minimizing environmental
impacts and economic losses.
Speaking & writing effectively. Superior
communication skills, both written and
verbal, are required to effectively
communicate IPM principles and practices.
IPM Education, Training and
Credentials
University of Florida (http://entnemdept.ifas.ufl.edu)
B.S., M.S. (thesis or not-thesis), Ph.D. degrees in
Entomology or Nematology
Distance M.S. degree with a specialization in
Entomology or Pest Management, or a Certificate in
Urban Pest Management, Landscape Pest
Management, or Pest Control Technology
Doctor of Plant Medicine (non-thesis, interdisciplinary)
IPM Education, Training and
Credentials
University of Nebraska- Doctor of Plant Health
University M.S. programs
IPM3 distance education program (U. Minnesota)
Entomological Society of America- BCE, ACE
American Society of Agronomy- Certified Crop
Advisor (CCA), Certified Professional Agronomist
(CP-Ag), Certified Professional Plant Pathologist
National Alliance of Independent Crop
Consultants- Crop Certification
State CCA, e.g., California
Direct Access to IPM Information
• Habitat-specific integrated pest
•
•
•
•
management guides, fact sheets,
EDIS articles, Featured Creatures, etc.
Links to specialized websites with pest
management information specific
to a crop or situation.
Key contacts for expert advice on
managing pests.
Additional resources for pest
identification and management,
e.g., diagnostic services.
Electronic Data Information
Source (EDIS)
The EDIS website is a comprehensive,
single-source repository of all current
UF/IFAS numbered peer-reviewed
publications (about 7,500).
http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/
Electronic Data Information
Source (EDIS)
Agriculture
Community Development
Environment
Families & Consumers
4H Youth development
Lawn & Garden
•Aquaculture
•Crops
•Livestock
•Nursery & GH
•Organic farming
•Agricultural safety
•Small farms
•Turf & sod
Extension
Guides
Featured Creatures provides in-depth profiles of insects,
nematodes, arachnids and other organisms. The site is a
cooperative venture of the University of Florida's Department
of Entomology and Nematologyoand the Florida Department of
Agriculture and Consumer Services'
Division of Plant Industry.
r
All articles are official publications of the University of Florida's
Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.
Opportunities for Sustainable
Food Crop Production
Research innovations
 Technology implementation
 Rapid information exchange
 Education and training
 Biosecurity and trade
 Food safety- supply chain
 Environmental stewardship

IPM for Florida Crops
Major Florida Crops
Approx. Ac
IPM Programs
Lead IFAS Faculty
Blueberry
10,134
X
Liburd
Citrus (orchards)
576,577
X
Rogers, Stansly
Cotton
80,053
X
?
Corn (grain)
33,915
?
Nuessly
Corn (silage)
27,005
?
Nuessly
Corn (sweet)
29,000
?, PMSP
Nuessly
Grape
300
?
Liburd
Melons
25,000
?, PMSP
Webb
IPM Asst.
X
X
Organic
5,974
X
Swisher
Ornamental (woody)
35,000
X, PMSP
Buss, Mizell
X
Ornamental (GH & SH)
40,000
?
Osborne, Mannion, Arthurs
X
Pasture (forage)
354,860
?
?
X
Pasture (hay)
327,547
?
?
Pecan
8,652
?
Mizell
Peppers (Field)
6,100
X
Funderburk, Stansly
Peanut
118,637
?
?
Potato
27,200
?, PMSP
?
Rice
11,376
?
?
Snap bean
12,400
?
?
Soybean
12,066
?
?
Strawberry
7,500
X, PMSP
Liburd, Price
Sugarcane
378,587
?
Cherry
Tomato (Field)
35,000
X
Funderburk, Stansly
Tropical fruit
10,000
?, PMSP
Pena
Turf (Sod)
100,000
?
Buss
X
Vegetables
224,837
X (PMSP)
Stansly, Webb
X
100
X (some)
Osborne
Vegetables (GH)
X
X
X
IPM Florida provides statewide, interdisciplinary
and inter-unit coordination and assistance for
UF/IFAS integrated pest management research
Extension and education faculty
http://ipm.ifas.ufl.edu