Transcript Document
1. Write 5 inferences about how the geography of Greece would affect the people ‘s lives that lived here. 2. Finish Greece Vocabulary G E O G R A P H Y Where on Earth is Greece? Greece is located on a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea. Greece is almost completely surrounded by water. Many islands can be found around the peninsula. Notetaking Key word or idea Notes- abbreviated (main idea) Geography Located- peninsula- extends into Mediterranean Sea-- islands •Location: •Continent: •Southern Europe, bordering the Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea, between Albania and Turkey •Size: •Europe •slightly smaller than Alabama •Climate: •temperate; mild, wet winters; hot, dry summers •Terrain: •mostly mountains with ranges extending into sea as peninsulas or chains of islands Key word or idea Geography of Greece Notes- abbreviated (main idea) Located-peninsula- extends into Mediterranean Sea Location- continent-- Europe borders Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea and Mediterranean Sea Size- slightly smaller than Mississippi Climate- temperate; mild, wet winters; hot, dry summers Terrain: mostly mountains – extending into sea as peninsulas or chains of islands Much of Greece was rocky and barren and bad for agriculture. **9 out of 10 acres, Most Greeks lived along the coast where the soil was good for farming. There were many mountains and valleys. The climate was hot and dry, and rainfall was limited to the winter months. What problems did these conditions cause for farming? * Farming in ancient Greece was difficult due to the limited amount of good soil, rivers dried up in the summer, and the land was covered in mountains. It is estimated that only twenty percent of the land was usable for growing crops. The main crops were barley, grapes, and olives. * Key word or idea farming Notes- abbreviated (main idea) Difficult: little farmland rivers dried up in summer mountains Main crops: barley, grapes, olives The Greeks had more problems compared to the other civilization when it came to farming!!!!! Because of the issue with farming, what did the Greeks do??? Key word or idea Farming Trade: Notes- abbreviated (main idea) Difficult: little farmland rivers dried up in summer mountains Main crops: barley, grapes, olives Forced to rely on trade for food Developed into separate city-states What can we infer because the Greeks lived separated by mountains? Do you think they thought of themselves as one united country or separate cities? Justify your answer Even though they thought of themselves as separate city-states, what attributes did they have in common? •From 3,000-1100 B. C. •Lived on the island of Crete •Developed great sea trade •Developed great culture •Art and Agriculture • lived on mainland • reached height of power around 1400 B. C. • gained much power through trade Civilization- a culture that builds cities and has achievements in art, literature, science, and technology. Roles of Men, Women, and Children The ancient Greeks were very proud of their city-state! The ancient Greeks were thinkers. They loved to talk. They honored their gods and respected honor. They loved beauty, music, literature, drama, philosophy, politics and art. Key word or idea civilization ************ Daily Life: Notes- abbreviated (main idea) a culture that 1. builds cities 2. has achievements in art, literature, science, and technology ********************************** proud of city-state Loved to talk, think Loved beauty, music, literature, drama, philosophy, politics art Honor- IMPORTANT Honored gods, polis temple refuge acropolis * * * *agora * * * *Markets GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS Most city-states- built around an acropolis, a large hill where city residents could seek shelter in times of war. * Key word or idea City-state ************ Notes- abbreviated (main idea) Called polis built around an acropolis, a large hill Agora– meeting/market place ********************************** Homer No one is exactly sure who Homer was. Theories abound, and some even think he never existed. Regardless, he is traditionally recognized as the original creator of two epic poems, the Iliad and the Odyssey. * •Myths written by Homer •probably a minstrel - a man who traveled constantly, singing songs and telling stories •Struggle between Greece and Troy •Trojan Horse- •Greeks could not defeat Troy because of the walls and fortifications •Built a giant horse and offered it as a gift •Trojans carried horse inside their city gates •warriors hidden inside •During the night the soldiers climbed out and opened the gate to let the soldiers in A monarchy is a type of government with one ruler or king oligarchy- . a type of government in which a small group of citizens control decision-making DEMOCRACY– A type of government in which citizens vote to make government decisions * Key word or idea government ************ Notes- abbreviated (main idea) 3 types: decisions made by…. 1. monarchy- one person 2. oligarchy- few rich citizens 3. democracy- citizens vote ********************************** Draw this comparison map in your folder. Add circles as needed. Compare Athens & Sparta using pages 199-204/ 207-209 Boys (5) educated P.E., art, history Womenbetter treated/ own land Two Greek Cities and * In 700 B. C. Sparta covered most of southern Peloponnesus. Sparta had a agora which was a place in Greek cities used both as a marketplace and a s a meeting place. Sparta unlike Athens was very concerned with its Military?!?!?!??! * Sparta’s people dedicated most of their lives to making a strong polis or city-state. Children were expected to to do their part also At age 7 boys and girls began training!!!!!! Boys spent some time learning to read a write but spent Most of their time training. Girls practiced running and throwing spears. Girls didn’t become soldiers but trained to strong mothers???!!!! * Life in Athens was different than life in Sparta. Girls did not practice sports, they were told to see little, hear little and ask no questions. Girls stayed at home and helped their mothers. Boys worked each day with their fathers in the fields or on pottery or stone-working shops. * The Acropolis in Athens * If parents could afford to they sent male children to school After school they would practice wrestling or boxing a local gymnasium before returning home. Government in Athens All of Athens energy was not spent on building a strong army In early years Athens’ government was a monarchy Then, the government became an oligarchy * Most of Athens’ early leaders were members of Noble families that were rich and powerful Poorer citizens demanded to have a part in the government!!!! A democracy was formed Democracy combines two Greek words meaning “ rule by the people “ The democracy allowed all the people to be involved!!! Rule by one person (king) Monarchy Assembly took control Common people had some say 400 B.C. Few Citizens Controlled Only few Oligarchy rich people Citizens Demanded rights Democracy voted free men only Poor citizens revolted No women or slaves All free Men voted Not Equal Athenian Leader Made sure that poor as well as rich could take part in government Citizens served on assemblies & Jury– fairer trials * Key word or idea government ************ Athen’s government Notes- abbreviated (main idea) 3 types: decisions made by…. 1. monarchy- one person 2. oligarchy- few rich citizens 3. democracy- citizens vote ********************************** 400 B.C. oligarchy (few rich ruled) Poor citizens revolted Assembly took control Democracy- all free men voted PARTHENON Center of acropolis Built to honor goddess Athena High above the city of Athens Religious center of Athens Showed wealth and power: Temple of marble shopkeepers, Crowds of people students lawyers Business center markets Government buildings City billboard World’s first “mall” Ώ Most powerful citystate Ώ Was paid tribute by its allies Ώ education available for all boys Ώ important achievements in the arts, philosophy , literature, and democracy Ώ Pericles°most powerful man in politics ° supported democracy ° paid salary to city officials ° poor people could hold public office ° had Parthenon built- temple built to honor goddess Athena Military based- Soldiers were leaders of government Military might was most important to government To make tough soldiers: Boys at 7 taken away from their mothers °Put in school with older boys and not given food °Had to steal food to eat ° If caught stealingbeaten severely and publicly * Led his students in discussions about the right way to live Mid 400s B. C . Search for wisdom and the right way to live Discussed best kind of government * Student of Socrates Wrote down teachings of Socrates Became famous philosopher Notes- abbreviated (main idea) Key word or idea philosophers Search for wisdom and right way to live 1. Socrates *led discussions with students *discussed best kind of government * accused of urging students to revolt *arrested and put to death by poison 2. Plato *student of Socrates’ *wrote Socrates sayings down * became a famous philosopher *Teacher of Aristotle (who taught Alexander the Great) *********************************** Sparta attacked Athens Pericles had Athenians move inside walls Athenians’ navy kept supplies to people Sparta destroyed surrounding farmland Deadlocked for many years Began 431 B. C. Athens won battles at sea Sparta won battles on land One-third of the city died including Pericles Disease spread through the city 404 Sparta cut off the Athenian grain supply Atheniens were starving Athenians surrendered Many Greeks on both sides lost their lives Sparta attacked Athens Athenians took refuge in Acropolis Athenian’s navy kept them supplied Athens won sea battles– Sparta won land battles Sparta cut off supplies Disease spread through city Athens surrendered Conquerors For 50 years, no city-state could hold on to power This civil war left Greece open to attack from a new power in the north Weakened by constant wars Most of Greece conquered by Macedonia (north) * Never lost a battle!!! 334 B. C. Alexander set out to conquer 3 years-fought along eastern coast of Mediterranean 331- Alexander declared himself ruler Continued on to conquer Arrived ! Around 328 B. C. Fought battle– saw elephants for the first time! Pages 214-215 Planned city of Alexandria in Egypt Built Alexandria similar to Greek polis Carried Greek civilization where he conquered His love of learning spread knowledge all over the world Had agora, theater, temples, stadium and gymnasium Became a major hub of Mediterranean Trade Lighthouse- one of the first in the world One of the 7 wonders of the ancient world Page 213 After victory in India, became sick One of the youngest emperors of all time Died in June 323 B. C. From the map on page 214, list countries & continents he conquered King of Macedonia by age 20 Well educated- Aristotle (Greek Philospher) Never lost a battle Conquered Persia (3 years) Greek style pottery EgyptiansMade paper Legacy of learning museum library Searched every ship for books Scholars studied world & how it worked Had almost 300,000 books Kept all books until copy made Legacy of learning alphabet Math & science Geometry 30 letters- made writing & reading easier Had math from Egypt Arithmetic & mathematics Temple of Artemis Colossus @ Rhodes Pyramids @ Giza Mount Olympus is a mountain in Northern Greece It is believe that many of the most powerful gods and goddess lived here Suddenly, you are transported. . . You find yourself in Ancient Greece! A lightening bolt strikes!!! The seas rage!!! A chariot drags the sun across the sky!!! Someone with wings on his shoes and hat flies by you!!! A strange looking little boy flies past you with a bow and arrows with hearts on the tips!!!! Next thing you know, you are standing next to someone who is half-man, half-horse and he is * playing some type of flute!!!!! WHO ARE THEY?!?!? Ancient Greeks had to face many forces of nature. In their effort to understand the nature, they invented stories to account for the things that went on in their lives. These tales, known as myths, were spread around by travelers. They contained the powerful Olympian gods, sea gods, woodland gods, sky gods, underwater gods, half-gods, human heroes, courageous or romantic adventures, betrayals, battles, wanderings, and so on. * powerful Olympian gods sea gods sky gods woodland gods Zeus, called the father of the gods. Then he and his brothers Poseidon and Hades divided up creation. Poseidon received the sea as his domain, Hades got the Underworld and Zeus took the sky. Zeus also was accorded supreme authority on earth and on Mount Olympus. * POSEIDON was the god of the sea, earthquakes and horses. Although he was officially one of the supreme gods of Mount Olympus, he spent most of his time in his watery domain. * God of the dead, ruler of the Underworld, which was accordingly known as Hades. * Pillars in Athens Temple in Athens Here are some of the gifts the ancient Greeks gave to the world: Trial by Jury Greek Myths Democracy Tragedy and Comedy Theatre The Olympics * Sparta attacked Athens