Transcript Judul - University of Brawijaya

Software: Application
Software
Williams, B.K, Stacy C. Sawyer (2007).
Using Information Technology: A
Practical Introduction to Computers &
Communications. Seventh Edition,
McGraw-Hill, New York. ISBN-13: 978-007-110768-6
1
Learning Outcomes
Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa
akan mampu :
• menjelaskan: apa yg dimaksud application
software; penggunaan word processing,
dan spreadsheet (C2)
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Outline Materi
• Application Software
• Word Processing
• Spreadsheets
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Application Software
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There are 5 ways to legally obtain software
1. Commercial Software
•
Copyrighted – license must be purchased
2. Public-domain software
•
Not copyrighted – legal to copy
3. Shareware
•
Copyrighted – download for free, then pay if you use it
4. Freeware
•
Copyrighted – but available for free. Pay on honor system
5. Rentalware
•
Copyrighted – lease for a fee
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Application Software
• Software License Types
– Site licenses
• Allow software to be used on all computers at a
specific location
– Concurrent-user license
• Allows a specified number of copies to be used at
one time
• May require additional license-monitoring software
– Multiple-user license
• Specifies the number of people who may use the
software
– Single-use license
• Limits the software to one user at a time
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Application Software
• Other software categories
– Pirated software
• Software obtained illegally in violation of copyright
• Software & Industry Information Association AntiPiracy division prosecutes violators of software
copyright laws http://www.siia.net/piracy/
• Don’t pirate software!!!
– Abandonware
• Software that is no longer being sold or supported
by its publisher
• Subject to copyright for 95 years from date of
publication
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Application Software
• Importing files
– Getting data from another source and
converting it into a format for the application
you are using
– Allows you to edit files from other applications
• Exporting files
– Transforming data into a format that can be
used by a different application, then
transmitting it
– Common export files end in the .rtf extension
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Word Processing
• Software that uses computers to create,
edit, format, print, and store text.
– Microsoft Word licensed for Windows and
Mac OS
– Lotus Smart Suite licensed for Windows
– Sun Microsystems Star Office licensed for
Windows- Linux- and Solaris-based systems
(was free)
– Corel Word-Perfect licensed for Windows
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Word Processing
• Tools for creating documents
– Cursor is on screen to show you where to enter text
– Scrolling means moving quickly forward, up, down, or
sideways through document test display
– Word wrap automatically continues text to next line
when you reach the right margin
– Outline view puts tags on headings within a document
to organize it
– Inserting is the act of adding text to documents
– Deleting is the act of removing text from documents
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Word Processing
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Word Processing
• Find & Replace
– Find lets you go straight to any text in your document
– Replace lets you go to the text and automatically
replace it with something else
• Cut, Copy, & Paste
– Select the text you want to move
– Copy to clipboard, then paste in new location
– Or drag the text to the new location
• Spelling Checker
– Tests for incorrectly spelled words
– Often shows them with a squiggly line underneath
– You may choose to use the “Autocorrect” feature
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Word Processing
• Grammar Checker
– Highlights poor grammar, wordiness,
sentence fragments, and awkward phrases
– Puts different-color squiggly line under
suspect phrases
• Thesaurus
– Can be called up on-screen
– Offers suggestions for alternative words with
the same meaning
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Word Processing
• Formatting Documents using Templates &
Wizards
– A template is a preformatted document that provides
basic tools for shaping a final document
• You can customize a template with your company’s name,
address, etc, then save it and use it again and again
• Use them when you have to repeatedly create the same
basic document
– A wizard is an interactive computer utility program
that leads the user through a task asking questions
and using the user’s answers to customize a solution
• Letter wizards create customized letters
• Memo wizards help you to create memoranda
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Word Processing
• Formatting
– Font
• The typeface, size, and color of your letters
• Also lets you specify underlined, italic, or bold
– Spacing & Columns
• Choose how far apart the lines will be (single- or
double-spaced)
• Choose single-column or multi-columned text for
your document
– Margins & Justification
• Indicate width of left, right, top, and bottom
margins
• Justify text left, right, or center
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Word Processing
• Headers, footers, page numbers
– A header is text printed at the very top of the page
– A footer is text (like page number) at the page bottom
• Other Formatting
– You can specify a border around a document or
around a paragraph – it can really highlight a point
– You can also use shading, tables, and footnotes
• Default Settings
– These are the settings automatically used by the
program unless you change them
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Word Processing
• Saving a document
– Store a document as an electronic file
– File  Save or click Floppy icon or Ctrl + S
– Save often, and save in two places
• Print
– Print individual pages, the whole document, or
several copies
– File  Print or click printer icon or Ctrl + P
• Track Changes
• Save as Web Document
3-16
Spreadsheets
• Electronic spreadsheets were created in 1978
by Daniel Bricklin at Harvard Business School
and Daniel Fylstra at M.I.T. and HBS as a study
tool
• Spreadsheets are organized into columns and
rows
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–
–
–
–
Cells are where a row and a column meet
Cell address is the position of the cell
Range is a group of adjacent cells
Values are numbers or dates entered into a cell
Cell pointers or cursors are where the data is to be
entered
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Spreadsheets
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Spreadsheets
• Formulas, Functions, Recalculation, What-If
– Formulas are instructions for calculations
• They define mathematically how one cell relates
to another cell
• Example: =SUM(A5:A15) sums the values of the
cells A5, A6, A7, and so forth up through cell A15
– Functions are built-in formulas, such as SUM()
– Recalculation is the process of recomputing values
– What-If analysis allows users to see what happens
to totals when one or more numbers change in cells
• This is the powerful feature of spreadsheets over
manual calculations
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Spreadsheets
• Charting and Analytical Graphics
– Spreadsheets allow you to automatically
create graphs
– When the cells change, the graphs change
too
– Charts are a type of graph that include
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•
•
•
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Bar charts
Column charts
Line graphs
Pie charts
Scatter charts
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Database Software
• A database is a structured collection of interrelated
files in a computer system with built-in data input
and retrieval methods.
• In databases
– Data redundancy is minimized
– Data is integrated and stored in a structured
fashion
– Data in databases has more integrity than does
data stored in separate files
– Data is organized into tables, records, and fields
– Data may include text, numbers, and graphics
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Database Software
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Database Software
• Database features include
– Linking records using a key
• Tables that contain the same field are linked
together by fields, so the key can be updated just
once
• Key fields can also be used to sort data
– Querying and displaying records
• Offer a quick way to locate records quickly
– Saving, Formatting, Printing, Copying, Transmitting
• Database software allows you to create custom
input forms, custom reports, copy search results
and paste them into Word, print out addresses to
mailing labels, or attach to email
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Specialty Software
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•
•
•
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Presentation Graphics
Desktop Publishing
Financial Software
Drawing and Painting Software
Project Management Software
Video-audio Editing Software
Animation Software
Web Page Design Software
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Specialty Software
• Presentation Graphics Software
– Use graphics, animation, sound, data, or
information to make visual presentations
– For example, this presentation
– Contains
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•
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Design and content templates
Slide sorters
Outline view
Slide view
Notes Page View
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Specialty Software
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Specialty Software
• Financial Software
– Ranges from personal-finance managers to
entry-level accounting programs to business
financial-management packages
– Common features
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Track income and expenses
Allow checkbook management
Do financial reporting
Offer tax categories to assist with tax
recordkeeping
• May also offer financial-planning and portfoliomanagement features
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Specialty Software
• Desktop Publishing
– Involves mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing
– Uses a mouse, scanner, printer, and DTP
software
– Has the following features
• Mix of text with graphics
• Offers varied type and layout styles
• Allows import of files from other programs
• Drawing programs
– Graphics software used to design and
illustrate objects and products
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Specialty Software
• Painting programs
– Graphics programs that allow users to simulate painting
on-screen
– Produce bit-mapped or raster images
– Also called image-editing software
• Graphics file formats
• .bmp (bit-map)
• .gif (Graphic Interchange Format) – copyrighted format used
in web pages
• .jpeg (Joint Photographic Experts Group)- high-resolution
• .tiff (Tagged Image File Formats) – PC and Macs for highresolution images to print
• .png (Portable Network Graphics) – public domain alternative
to gif
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Specialty Software
• Video editing software
– Allows import to and editing of video footage on
PC
– Video editing examples include Adobe Premiere,
Sony Pictures Digital Vegas, Apple Final Cut
Express, Pinnacle Studio DV, and Ulead
VideoStudio
• Audio editing software
– Allows import to and editing of sound files on PC
– Sound editing examples include Windows Sound
Recorder, Sony Pictures Digital Sound Forge,
Audacity (freeware), Felt Tip Software’s Sound
Studio (shareware), GoldWave, and WavePad.
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Specialty Software
• Animation Software
– Simulates movement by rapidly displaying a series
of still pictures, or frames
– GIF is the first format to catch on
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Specialty Software
• Multimedia Authoring Software
– Combines text, graphics, video, animation, and sound
in an integrated way to create stand-alone multimedia
applications
– Requires fast computer, lots of memory, and good,
fast graphics card
– Macromedia Director and Macromedia Authorware
are popular examples
• Web Page Design Software
– Used to create web pages with sophisticated
multimedia features
– Not required to create simple web pages
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Specialty Software
• Project Management Software
– A program used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources required to complete a project
on time
• Shows project broken down into steps and tasks
• Each task has a beginning and end date
• Tasks can be scheduled concurrently or consecutively
• Computer-Aided Design (CAD)
– Programs intended for design of products, structures,
civil engineering drawings, and maps
• Provide precise dimensioning and positioning of design elements
• Examples include AutoCAD, ProEngineer, CorelCAD, CATIA
• To see an example, go to http://www.3ds.com/flashgallery/discover3d-xml/ for CATIA
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Kesimpulan
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