Transcript Chapter 3 Section 4 Adaptation and Survival

Bellwork 11/6/2014
I will not do anything to adapt to school
next year as a freshman.
A. Strongly agree
B. Simply agree
C. Strongly disagree
D. Simply disagree
Write the statement and answer.
Justify your answer
Objectives
State Performance Indicator:
 SPI 0807.5.2 - Analyze structural, behavioral, and physiological adaptations to
predict which populations are likely to survive in a particular environment
 SPI 0807.5.3 - Analyze data on levels of variation within a population to make
predictions about survival under particular environmental conditions.
TOC:
24. Adaptation and Survival Notes
25. Adaptation Model Lab
An adaptation is a characteristic that
improves an individual’s ability to
survive and reproduce in a particular
environment.
Three types of adaptations that help organisms
survive are structural, behavioral, and
physiological.
Some examples of these adaptations are:
1. Obtaining Food
Almost all organisms have adaptations to help
them obtain food.
Examples:
Chameleon – long tongue
Woodpecker – pointed beak
Human – hands and fingers
Many organisms have adaptations
that serve as a defense against
predators.
One common adaptation that helps
predators and prey is called camouflage.
An organism that is camouflaged is disguised
so that it is hard to see even when the
organism is in view.
With your group think of two
animals that use camouflage to
protect themselves from predators.
Analyze how their camouflage
protects them?
You have 45 seconds
Two species can acquire adaptations because of
their interaction with one another.
Interactions take place between organisms that live
close together.
 A period of inactivity and decreased
body temperature that some animals
experience in the winter is
hibernaton.
 Many desert squirrels and mice
experience a similar internal
slowdown in the hottest part of the
summer which is called estivation.
To migrate is to travel from
one place to another.
Animals migrate to find food,
water, or safe nesting
grounds.
The process by which individuals that are better adapted to
their environment survive and reproduce more successfully
than less well adapted individuals do.
There are four parts that make up natural selection. They
include:
more offspring are born than
will live to become adults.
Individuals in a population differ from one
another. Some characteristics improve
chances while others lower chances for
survival.
Many individuals die from lack of resources.
Others are killed by predators or cannot find
mates to reproduce. The ones who find
resources, survive!
This is the key to natural selection. The
strong survive, while the weak die early or
have few strong offspring.
SPI 0807.5.2 Adaptation
SPI 0807.5.3 Variation
4 Phases of Natural Selection
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Phase 4
Pg. 87
Genetic Variation
In natural selection, individuals within the population
must be different. Over time, the population will be
made up of more individuals with characteristics that
help them survive.
If a population decreases rapidly, the
characteristics of the individuals are
reduced. This is called a genetic
bottleneck.
What is
happening in
this
diagram?
What type of
organism
would make it
to this side?
Many characteristics may be lost entirely
because the individuals with those
characteristics died. As the population
recovers, organisms are genetically similar
causing genetic diseases to occur.
Since the beginning of life on Earth, species
have had special characteristics called
adaptations that have helped them survive
changes in environmental conditions. Changes in
a species’ environment include climate changes,
habitat destruction, or the extinction of prey.
These changes can cause a species to die out
unless the species has a characteristic that helps
it survive. For example, a species of bird may
have an adaptation for eating sunflower seeds
and ants. If the ant population dies out, the bird
can still eat seeds and can therefore survive.
In this activity, you will explore several
adaptations and design an organism with
adaptations you choose. Then, you will describe
how these adaptations help the organism
survive.
1.SPI 0807.5.2 (Adaptations)
Source: 2009 TDOE Practice Test Questions (Number 11)
The Arctic environment has
temperatures that range between - 22 C
and 6C with snow covering some of the
area. Which adaptation would most
likely help a population of organisms
survive this environment?
A. Green feathers and webbed feet
B. Large shell and leathery skin.
C. Long necks and tall legs.
D. Light colored fur and layers of
blubber.
1. Adaptations- anything that helps an organism
survive in its environment.
2. Structural adaptations – adaptations that involve
some part of an organism’s body, such as teeth,
body coverings, or movement.
3. Behavioral adaptations – adaptations that
include activities that help an animal survive.
4. Physiological adaptations – internal body
makeup allowing for survival
1.______Insects have a very light external skeleton, called an
exoskeleton, to support and protect their body.
2.______Some mammals have special light receptive cells that
can see in color.
3.______Cows have five stomachs to hold the grass longer to
aid digestion of grass.
4.______Plants have green chlorophyll; a chemical that is used
in photosynthesis.
5.______ Limpets can move onto the underside of rocks at low
tide.
6. ______Polar bears have thick white fur so they are hard to
see on the ice.
7. ______ Deer can run fast.
8. ______ Plants have leaves that are thin, flat structures to
absorb light.
9. ______ Snails have a shell that they retreat into when it is
dry.
10. _____ Dogs pant to help lose heat.
11. _____Hedge-hogs have spines on their backs to
protect them
12. ______ Seaweeds have a brown chemical that helps
absorb light from underwater.
13. ______ Kiwis have a long beak to dig in the earth for
food.
14. ______ Hedge-hogs make themselves into a ball
when they sense danger.
15. ______ Cats can sit really still at times when they are
stalking a bird.
16.______ Polar pear’s blubber allow it to stay warm in frigid
temperatures.
17. _____ Snake scales aid in the heat and dryness of the
dessert which keeps water from escaping through its skin
18._____ Penguins build nest out of rocks.
19. _____ Grizzly bears hibernate during the winter because
of the shortage of food supply.
20. _____ Whales, salmon, and geese will migrate elsewhere
when the seasons change.