Transcript Diapositiva 0

Motivation:
Applications
José Onofre Montesa Andrés
Universidad Politécnica de
Valencia
Escuela Superior de
Informática Aplicada
2003-2004
Objetivos a ver
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Administración por objetivos
Solución de problemas en cinco pasos
Programas de compromiso
Círculos de calidad
• Como aplicar la teoría de la motivación, es
decir que se puede hacer para motivar a las
personas.
GpiIC-1C Motivation: Applications
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Management by objectives
• Based on Goal-setting theory.
• Participative set goals that are tangible,
verifiable and measurables.
• Using goals to motivate people instead of
control them.
• Four ingredients common to MBO programs:
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Goals specificity
Participative decision making
Explicit time period
Performance feedback.
GpiIC-1C Motivation: Applications
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Management by objectives
Objetivos
generales de la
organización
Objetivos de la
División
Objetivos del
Departamento
Objetivos
personales
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Management by objectives
• Concise statement of expected
accomplishments
• Example:
– “We will provide a good maintenance”
– “Errors must be take out before one month
after being detected”
GpiIC-1C Motivation: Applications
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Management by objectives
• Based on goal setting theory, then:
– Goals must be:
• Hard goals result in higher level of performance.
• Perceived as feasible.
• Specific goals and feedback.
– Said that assigning goals frequently works
just as well,
• But induce individuals to establish more difficult
goals
GpiIC-1C Motivation: Applications
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Employee recognition programs.
• “Recognition can be a potent motivator”
• Based on the reinforcement theory,
– Use of positive reinforcement when:
• Good job, project on time,...
– You can:
• Congratulate (public or private), celebrate team
success.
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Employee involvement programs
• A participative process that uses the entire
capacity of employees and is designed to
encourage increased commitment to the
organization’s success.
• decisions, autonomy, and control over their work lives.
Become more motivated, committed to the organization,
productive and satisfied
• Examples of participation
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Participative management,
Representative participation
Quality circles
Employee stock ownership plans
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Participative management
• A process where subordinates share a
significant degree of decisions-making power
with their immediate superiors
• Require That:
– Employees:
• Issues in which employees must have interest.
• Must have ability to participate (intelligence, technical
knowledge, communication skills)
– Organization culture must support employee
involvement.
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Participative management
• Positive:
– Increases de commitment to decisions, People are
less likely to undermine a decision at the time of is
implementation if they shared in making that
decision.
– Provides intrinsic rewards.
– Jobs are more interesting and meaningful.
• Carefully
– Participation has modest influence on productivity,
motivation y satisfaction.
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Representative participation
• Workers participate in organizational decision
making though a small group of representative
employees.
• Redistribute power within organization labor,
managers, stockholders.
• Work councils and broad representatives,…
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Quality circles
• A work group of employees who meet regularly
to discuss their quality problems, investigate
causes, recommend solutions and take
corrective actions
• 8 to 10 employees and supervisors in the same
area.
• Meets ones a week
• Management has the last world.
• Teaching participants in communication skills ,
quality strategies, problem analysis
techniques…
• Productivity; ~ satisfaction
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Quality circles
Problem identification
Problem
selection
Decision
Problem
review
Solutions
reviewed
Recommended
solutions
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Employee stock ownership
plans
• Company-established benefit plans in which
employees acquire stock as part of their
benefits
• Usually can not take physical possession of
their shares
• satisfaction, Productivity
• Employees need to psychologically
experience ownership ...
• Microsoft is an example
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Variable-Pay programs
• A portion of an employee’s pay is based on
some individual and/or organizational measure
of performance.
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Price-rate plans
Bonuses
Profit sharing plans
Gainsharing.
Fixed labor cost -> Variable cost
Based on the expectance theory.
Programas de paga variable
Does variable pay work?
– Yes
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Skill-based pay plans
• Alternative to job title.
• Pay levels are base on how many skills
employees have or loc many jobs they
can do.
• Flexibility.
• Performance improvement and
satisfaction
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Flexible benefits
• Employees tailor their benefit program
to meet their personal needs by picking
and choosing from a menu of benefit
options.
– Vacation options, savings, life insurance,...
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