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Wind 7/21/2015 The NEED Project: 29 Years of Energy Education 1 What Makes Wind 7/21/2015 The NEED Project: 29 Years of Energy Education 2 7/21/2015 The NEED Project: 29 Years of Energy Education 3 U.S. Led the World in Wind Capacity 2008 Annual Capacity (2008, MW) U.S. China India Spain Germany France Italy U.K. Portugal Australia Rest of World TOTAL 8,558 6,246 1,810 1,739 1,665 1,200 1,010 869 679 615 3,999 28,390 Cumulative Capacity (end of 2008, MW) U.S. 25,369 Germany 23,933 Spain 16,453 China 12,121 India 9,655 Italy 3,731 France 3,671 U.K. 3,263 Denmark 3,159 Portugal 2,829 Rest of World 18,106 TOTAL 122,290 Source: BTM Consult; AWEA for U.S. capacity 7/21/2015 The NEED Project: 29 Years of Energy Education 4 Installed Wind Capacities 1999-2008 2009 Total: 34,863 MW 1999 Total: 2,500 MW Why Such Growth? …costs are low! o Increased Turbine Size o R&D Advances o Manufacturing Improvements 1979 40 cents/kWh 7/21/2015 2000 4-6 cents/kWh 2004 3- 4.5 cents/kWh The NEED Project: 29 Years of Energy Education 2009 5-7 cents/kWh 6 Changing Perceptions 7/21/2015 The NEED Project: 29 Years of Energy Education 7 Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines Intermediate(10-250kW) oVillage Power oHybrid Systems oDistributed Powers Small (<10kW) oHomes oFarms oRemote Applications (e.g. water pumping, Telecom sites, ice making) Large (250 kW- 2+ MW) oCentral Station Windfarms oDistributed Power o Schools 7/21/2015 The NEED Project: 29 Years of Energy Education 8 o328’ base to blade oEach blade is 112’ oSpan greater than 747’ o163.3 tons total oFoundation 20’ deep oRated at 1.5 megawatts oSupply at least 350 homes Large Wind Turbines 7/21/2015 The NEED Project: 29 Years of Energy Education 9 How A Wind Turbine Operates 7/21/2015 The NEED Project: 29 Years of Energy Education 10 Installation of Wind Turbine 7/21/2015 The NEED Project: 29 Years of Energy Education 11 • Power in the Wind Calculation of Wind Power – - Effect of air density (ρ) – - Effect of swept area (A) – - Effect of wind speed (V) – ½ρAV³= power of wind R 7/21/2015 Swept Area: A= R² Area of the circle swept by the rotor(m²). The NEED Project: 29 Years of Energy Education 12 Wind Farm 7/21/2015 The NEED Project: 29 Years of Energy Education 13 Offshore Wind Farms 7/21/2015 The NEED Project: 29 Years of Energy Education 14 Where are the winds strongest? 7/21/2015 The NEED Project: 29 Years of Energy Education 15 Top Twenty States for Wind Energy Potential B kWh/Yr 1. North Dakota 2. Texas 3. Kansas 4. South Dakota 5. Montana 6. Nebraska 7. Wyoming 8. Oklahoma 9. Minnesota 10. Iowa 7/21/2015 1210 1190 1070 1030 1020 868 747 725 657 551 B kWh/Yr • • • • • • • • • • 11. Colorado 12. New Mexico 13. Idaho 14. Michigan 15. New York 16. Illinois 17. California 18. Wisconsin 19. Maine 20. Missouri The NEED Project: 29 Years of Energy Education 481 435 73 65 62 61 59 58 56 52 16 Why Wind Energy? o Clean, zero emissions – - NOx, SO2, CO, CO2 – - Air quality, water quality – - Climate Change o Reduce fossil fuel dependence - Energy independence - Domestic energy- national security o Renewable - No fuel-price volatility o Domestic Low Power 7/21/2015 The NEED Project: 29 Years of Energy Education 17 True or False? Your utility will buy electricity produced by your wind turbine and give you credit on your bill. It’s True! Net Metering 7/21/2015 The NEED Project: 29 Years of Energy Education 21 Impacts and Issues oProperty Values oNoise oLand Use oVisual oBirds and Other Wildlife oIn depth study: -The Effect of Wind Development on Local Property Values -25,000 Property Transactions oIn view shed of wind projects oCompared to similar sites -No evidence of reduce value Land Use oLand Conservations oPrimary Impact is Visual Net Impacts oPrimary Impact is visual -Well sited wind power -All other impacts dwarfed by benefits oBalancing local impacts, global/regional benefits 7/21/2015 The NEED Project: 29 Years of Energy Education 23 Impacts of Wind Power: Noise oModern Turbines are relatively quiet oRule of Thumb: Stay about 3 times a hub’s height away from houses 7/21/2015 The NEED Project: 29 Years of Energy Education 24 Bird Kill? 7/21/2015 The NEED Project: 29 Years of Energy Education 25