Transcript Slide 1
America Becomes a World Power (1890 – 1915) OwlTeacher.com Growth Of Imperialism • Under Imperialism, stronger nations try to create empires by __________________________________ ________________________________________________________. • The late 1800s marked the peak of European imperialism, with most of Africa and Asia under foreign control. OwlTeacher.com Several factors explain the reason for the growth of imperialism: 1. Economic Factors: The growth of industry increased the need for _____________________________________________. 2. Nationalistic Factors: Competition among European nations for large empires was the result of a rise in nationalism. • Nationalism – a devotion to one’s own nation. OwlTeacher.com 3. Military Factors: Europe had better armies than Africa and Asia, and it needed bases around the world to ____________________________________________________. 4. Humanitarian Factors: Europeans believed that they had a duty to spread the blessings of western civilizations to other countries. OwlTeacher.com By 1890, the United States was eager to join the competition for new territory. ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________. To annex is to join a new territory to an existing country. Yet, annexation did take place. OwlTeacher.com Expanding U.S. Interests • The Monroe Doctrine • Originally meant that the United States declared itself neutral in European wars and warned other nations to stay out of the Western Hemisphere. • Later, the doctrine was interpreted to mean a more __________________ to __________________________________________________ _________________________________________________. OwlTeacher.com • Seward’s Folly • In 1867, Secretary of State William Seward bought Alaska from __________________________. OwlTeacher.com • Midway Islands • Seward bought the uninhabited Midway Islands for use as repairing and refueling stations for navy vessels in the Pacific. • Latin America and Hawaii • The United States signed a treaty with Hawaii and took a more active role in __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________. OwlTeacher.com Arguments for U.S. Expansion 1.Promoting Economic Growth • ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________. • The United Fruit Company invested and gained political influence in some Central American nations. • These nations were called banana republics. OwlTeacher.com 2. Protecting American Security • _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________. • By 1900, the United States had one of the most powerful navies in the world. 3. Preserving American Spirit • Some leaders of the day believed that introducing Christianity and modern civilization to less developed nations around the world was a ________________________________________ _______________________________________. OwlTeacher.com The Spanish American War The origins of the Spanish American War were a combination of America's genuine concern for Spanish intervention in our hemisphere, and the growing political belief that in order to become a great power, we needed to expand our influence here, and in the Pacific. OwlTeacher.com Two Theaters • The Spanish, American War was the first time the United States _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________, the Philippines in the Pacific, and Cuba to our south. • The Philippine campaign would be the first battle fought, and waged solely at sea. OwlTeacher.com Setting the Stage For War By demanding that a dispute between Venezuela and Great Britain be sent to arbitration, the United States defended the validity of the Monroe Doctrine. Arbitration – the settlement of a dispute by a person or panel chosen to listen to both sides and come to a decision. OwlTeacher.com • The British government backed down because it needed to stay on friendly terms with the United States. • The United States became involved in the Cuban rebellion against Spain, ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________. OwlTeacher.com • _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________. • This yellow journalism sold a lot of papers but had other effects as well: • It whipped up American public opinion in favor of the Cuban rebels. • It led to a burst of national pride and the desire for an aggressive foreign policy, which became known as jingoism. OwlTeacher.com Steps to War • The USS Maine was stationed in Havana harbor. • The Spanish Ambassador de Lôme insulted President McKinley. • _______________________________________________ ______________________________________________. • Congress recognized Cuban independence and authorized force against Spain. OwlTeacher.com “A Splendid Little War” • May 1, 1898: The United States launched a surprise attack in Manila Bay and destroyed Spain’s entire Pacific fleet in seven hours. • July 1: Theodore Roosevelt led the Rough Riders up San Juan Hill. • July 3: The United States Navy sank the remaining Spanish ships. OwlTeacher.com The Rough Riders • In 1897, Theodore Roosevelt was already a well known national figure. • ______________________________. • Vigorous patriot. • Champion of American values. • And most importantly, chief spokesman for an ______________________________ ______________________________. OwlTeacher.com • Roosevelt was appointed Assistant Secretary of the Navy by President McKinley. • Oversaw the expansion and modernization of the _______________________. • This led to the success in Manila Bay. • It was also “Teddy” who would be instrumental in organizing and leading the force that would beat __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________. OwlTeacher.com The Fateful Gamble • In the summer of 1898, Teddy agonized over his role in the upcoming war. • _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________. • At the age of 40, he took a fateful gamble. • He resigned from the Navy Dept. to organize and lead a regiment of volunteers for the _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________. OwlTeacher.com • Formally named the 1st United States Volunteer Calvary, they quickly became known as Teddy’s ______________________________________________. • As soon as word spread that the colorful Roosevelt was looking for volunteers, the war office was swamped with requests to serve. • 23,000 applied to ride with Teddy, about 2,000 were accepted. OwlTeacher.com Never Before or Since • The unit that Roosevelt assembled was unlike anything the Army had seen before, or since! • They came from far and wide: → Princeton football players → ________________________________________________________ → Aristocratic English dandies → ________________________________________________________ → Polo players → outlaws of the Wild West OwlTeacher.com • Picked from every state and social background, the ideal Rough Rider was: • equal parts cowboy and soldier • Men who could out ride and out fight the Spanish every day of the week. • _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ ____________________________________________. OwlTeacher.com • Roosevelt assembled his men in San Antonio, Texas, where he whipped them into __________________________________________________________. • Day after miserable day, they marched, rode shot, and paraded under the scorching Texas sun. • Inspired by the infectiously energetic Roosevelt, the Rough Riders gave it their all OwlTeacher.com • It was very difficult, but within a few short weeks together, this desperate gang became the fierce, fearless unit that Teddy needed in order to _________________ _______________________________________________ ______________________________________________. • By mid-June, they were ready. • Teddy and his beloved Rough Riders boarded the train for Tampa, Florida & the Cuban invasion! OwlTeacher.com San Juan Hill • Once in Cuba, Spanish resistance was fierce, and a number of Rough Riders were killed and wounded. • Roosevelt himself came under fire a number of times, and earned the nickname “Old Icebox” for his ____________________________________________________. • On the morning of July 1, 1898, the Rough Riders were within sight of the hills that defended Santiago, Cuba. OwlTeacher.com • Assigned the task of capturing the heavily armed high ground, Teddy assembled his troops for what he would later call, “the great day of my life”. • After a brief bombardment, they began their assault. • _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________. OwlTeacher.com • At times, the advance hesitated, but Teddy led them on, “Forward March!”, he yelled above the crash of battle, and the Rough Riders pushed forward. OwlTeacher.com • At last, they gained the top of the hill, ______________ ____________________________________________________________. • Together with the many other troops of the American force, the Rough Riders forced the surrender of the ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________. OwlTeacher.com • Victory came at a heavy price. • ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________. • However, Roosevelt and his fearless fellows had proven their courage under fire! OwlTeacher.com "Fighting Joe" Wheeler _______________________________________, he was commander of the cavalry division when the Rough Riders landed in Cuba. OwlTeacher.com • Captain Buckey O'Neil - A legendary frontier sheriff from the Arizona Territory who had the responsibility of ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________. • Henry Nash - ___________________________ turned Rough Rider whose courage at the Battle of Kettle Hill made him a hero. OwlTeacher.com The Treaty of Paris • ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ _____________________________________________. • Spain gave up the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico in return for _____________________________________________. • The island nations then became unincorporated territories of the United States. OwlTeacher.com New Challenges After the War • The Philippines • President McKinley’s arguments for annexation: _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________. OwlTeacher.com • The Filipinos fought a threeyear war for independence. • The Philippines did not gain complete independence until _______________________________________ ______________________________________. OwlTeacher.com • Cuba • President McKinley installed a military government to protect American business interests. • Cuba drafted a constitution in 1900 that did not allow for U.S. involvement. • ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________. OwlTeacher.com • The _________________________________________ remained in place until 1934. • It allowed for U.S. naval bases on the island and intervention whenever necessary. OwlTeacher.com Other Gains In the Pacific • The United States government intervened in other parts of the Pacific at the same time that events played out in the Spanish-American War. • This intervention eventually brought about changes in the _________________ of the United States with Hawaii, Samoa, and China. OwlTeacher.com • Hawaii became increasingly important to United States business interests. • Hawaii also leased ________________ to the United States as a __________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ _______________________________________________. • In 1898, Congress approved the annexation of Hawaii. OwlTeacher.com • The Polynesian Islands of Samoa and their harbor at Pago Pago were also important to the Unites States. • A year after the annexation of Hawaii, the United States acquired the harbor at Pago Pago as well. • China’s huge population and its _________________________________ became very important to American trade. OwlTeacher.com • President McKinley’s Secretary of State, John Hay, wrote notes to the major European powers trying to persuade them to keep an “open door” to China. • He wanted to ensure through his Open Door Policy that the United States ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________. OwlTeacher.com A New Foreign Policy • The Panama Canal • ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________. • A French company had bought a 25-year concession from Columbia to build a canal across Panama. • Concession – a grant for a piece of land in exchange for a promise to use the land for a specific purpose. • Defeated by yellow fever and mismanagement, the company abandoned the project and offered its remaining rights to the United States for $100 million. OwlTeacher.com Roosevelt’s Diplomacy - Elected in ______________________ “Speak softly and carry a big stick and you will go far.” OwlTeacher.com Roosevelt used this old African proverb to guide his foreign policy. The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine – the United States will act as “an international police power” __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ _________________________________________________. OwlTeacher.com • Roosevelt in Latin America • Under Roosevelt, the United States often intervened in Latin America. • Roosevelt in Asia • Roosevelt wanted to preserve an open door to trade with China. • He won a Nobel peace prize for ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________. OwlTeacher.com Foreign Policy After Roosevelt • William Howard Taft • Elected President in _________________. OwlTeacher.com • Taft believed in maintaining influence through _____________________________________________________, not __________________________________________________________. • This policy was called “dollar diplomacy”. • The United States reached new heights of international power under Roosevelt and Taft. • However, the policies of both Presidents also created enemies in Latin America and a growing international resentment of U.S. intervention. OwlTeacher.com • Woodrow Wilson • Elected in ___________ • Under Wilson, the United States applied more __________________ and legalistic standards to foreign policy decisions. OwlTeacher.com Debating Imperialism • Anti-Imperialism • A moral and political argument: Expansionism was a rejection of our nation’s founding principle of “liberty for all.” • A racial argument: Imperialism was just another form of ___________________________________________. OwlTeacher.com • An economic argument: Expansion involved _____________________________________. • Maintaining the armed forces required taxation, debt, and possibly even compulsory, or required military service. • In addition, laborers from other countries would compete for jobs with U.S. workers. OwlTeacher.com • Pro-Imperialists • Imperialism offered a ___________________ ______________________________________________ _____________________________________________. • A new international frontier would keep Americans from losing their competitive edge. • Access to foreign markets made the _____________________________________________. OwlTeacher.com • In 1907, President Roosevelt sent the Great White Fleet, part of the United States Navy, on a cruise around the world to demonstrate _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ ______________________________________________. • American citizens clearly saw the advantages of having a powerful navy. OwlTeacher.com Imperialism Voiced From Abroad • In the Caribbean and Central America, the United States often had to defend governments that were unpopular with local inhabitants. • Many U.S. citizens in Latin America heard the cry “Yankee, Go Home!” • Even before the completion of the Panama Canal, the Panamanians began to complain that they suffered from discrimination. OwlTeacher.com • However, many countries also _________________________________________________ ________________________________________________. • The Untied States was both _________________________________________________ in other countries. • The American government still struggles to reconcile its great power and national interests with its relationships with other nations. OwlTeacher.com Buzzwords: • Bonehead – ______________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________. • Garage – the shelter or storage facility for an automobile • Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever – a disease from ticks found in the Rocky Mountains; it causes pain, fever, and spotty red skin blemishes. • Scrimmage line – imaginary line in football on which the ball sits at the beginning of each play. • Turtleneck – a high collar that folds over and fits snuggly around the neck. OwlTeacher.com Interesting Facts: • Beatrix Potter wrote The Tale of Peter Rabbit in 1900 at the age of 27 • The first World Series was played in 1903 between Boston and Pittsburgh. • Boston took the series 5 games to 3. • The World Series has been played every since except 1904 and 1994 • ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ OwlTeacher.com Famous Firsts! • American Bowling tournament held in Chicago • Coast to coast crossing of America by car (65 days) • __________________________________________________ • American Olympics at St. Louis • Woman arrested for smoking in public • Mother’s Day (May 10, 1908 - - declared a Nat’l Holiday in 1915) OwlTeacher.com Famous Firsts! • _________________________________________________________ • black world heavyweight boxing champion, Jack Johnson • permanent hair waves • air-conditioned factory • car to be driven faster than 1 mile per hour • Tournament of Roses in Pasadena • ice-cream cones • Bible placed in hotel rooms • movie made in Los Angeles • electric washing machine OwlTeacher.com Facts About the Three Presidents of this Time • William McKinley • 25th President • Years in office: 1897 – 1901 • Party: ___________________ • Born: 1843 → Died: 1901 • Home State: Ohio • First Lady: Ida Saxton • Education: Briefly attended Allegheny College OwlTeacher.com Facts About the Three Presidents of this Time • Theodore Roosevelt • • • • • • • __________________________________ Years in office: 1901 – 1909 Party: Republican Born: 1858 → Died: 1919 Home State: New York First Lady: A. Lee & E. Carow Education: Graduated from Harvard College in 1880 OwlTeacher.com Facts About the Three Presidents of this Time • William Howard Taft • 27th President • _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ • Party: Republican • Born: 1857 → Died: 1930 • Home State: Ohio • First Lady: Helen Herron • Education: Graduated from Yale University OwlTeacher.com