Transcript Slayt 1 - A p a r t 32

TENSES
Simple Present
I study English every day.
Simple Past
Two years ago, I studied English in
England.
Simple Future
If you are having problems, I will help
you study English.
I am going to study English next year.
Present Continuous
I am studying English now.
Present Perfect
Past Continuous
I was studying English when you
called yesterday.
Past Perfect
I have studied English in several
different countries.
I had studied a little English before I
moved to the U.S.
Present Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect Continuous
Future Continuous
I will be studying English when you
arrive tonight.
I am going to be studying English
when you arrive tonight.
Future Perfect
I will have studied every tense by the
time I finish this course.
I am going to have studied every
tense by the time I finish this course.
Future Perfect Continuous
I will have been studying English for
over two hours by the time you arrive.
I have been studying English for five
years.
I had been studying English for five
years before I moved to the U.S.
I am going to have been studying
English for over two hours by the
time you arrive.
The Simple Present is frequently used in English.
It is also called Present Simple. Have a look at the
following examples:
1)

repeated actions (every day, always, often, sometimes or never)
My friend often draws nice posters.
I never drink milk.
2) things in general
 The sun rises in the East.
3) fixed arrangements, scheduled events (e.g. timetable)
 The plane flies to London every Monday.
4) actions in the present - one follows after the other (first - then, after
that)
 First I get up, then I have breakfast.
5) instructions
 Open your books at page 34.
6) after special verbs, which are normally not used with the Present
Progressive (These verbs express states, possessions, feelings etc.)
be, believe, belong, hate, hear, like, love, mean, prefer, remain, realize,
see, seem, smell, think, understand, want, wish
 I understand English.
He doesn't like fish.
Past Simple Tense
1) action finished in the past
 I visited Berlin last week.
2) series of completed actions in the past
 First I got up, then I had breakfast
3) together with the Past
Progressive/Continuous - The Simple Past
interrupted an action which was in
progress in the past.
 They were playing cards when the telephone
rang.
EMPHATIC (DO)
…….You did not go to school yesterday,did
you?
= Yes,I did go to school yesterday.
…….Your brother dos not like fish,does he?
= Yes,he does like fish
Present Progressive - Use
1) actions happening at the moment of speaking
 Peter is reading a book now.
2) fixed plan in the near future
 She is going to Basel on Saturday.
3) temporary actions
 His father is working in Rome this month.
4) actions happening around the moment of speaking (longer actions)
 My friend is preparing for his exams.
5) trends
 More and more people are using their computers to listen to music.
6) repeated actions which are irritating to the speaker (with always,
constantly, forever)
 Andrew is always coming late.
NONPROGRESSIVE VERBS
 Suppose-believe-know-remember-wish-
desire-forgive-see-feel-smell-taste-bethink-look-have-promise-advise-refuseforget-want-need-imagine-realizenotice…….
 The doctor is seeing the patients
 You are being rude
 I am feeling better now
 Mum is smelling the flowers
Past Progressive - Use








1) actions were in progress at special time in
the past
Peter was reading a book yesterday evening.
2) two actions were happening at the same
time (the actions do not influence each other)
Anne was writing a letter while Steve was reading
the New York Times.
3) together with the Simple Past
While we were sitting at the breakfast table, the
telephone rang.
4) repeated actions irritating the speaker (with
always, constantly, forever)
Andrew was always coming in late.
Hope / Wonder (past
continuous)
I
was wondering if you could help me fill in
this form…
 I was hoping if you could give me a lift to
the airport
( less direct )
Present Perfect – Use
The Present Perfect is not easy to understand for ESL learners. It is
a combination of past and present. An actions in the past has
something to do with the present.
1) Result of an action in the past is important in the present (It is not
important when this action happened. When we use a specific time in the
past - e.g. yesterday - then we use the Simple Past.)

I have cleaned my room. (It is clean now.)
Has Peggy ever been to Tokyo? (Has Peggy been there or not?)
2) Recently completed actions
 He has just played handball. (It is over now.)
3) Actions beginning in the past and still continuing - mostly with since
(point of time) or for (period of time)
 We have lived in Canada since 1986. (We still live there.)
4) together with lately, recently, yet
 I have been to London recently. (no specific point of time)
He has not written the e-mail yet. (He has not done it.)
Present Perfect Progressive – Use
The Present Perfect Progressive is not easy to understand for ESL students. It
is a combination of past and present where actions in the past have something
to do with the present. The focus is not on the result (this is the Present
Perfect) but on the action itself.
1) Actions beginning in the past and still
continuing (focus is on the action) - mostly
with since (point of time) or for (period of
time)
 I have been waiting for you for three hours. (It
was a long time.)
2) Recently completed actions (focus is on the
action)
 She has been watching too many videos. (It was
too much time.)
Nonprogressive (want-wish)
exceptions
I
have been wishing to visit your mother
since I heard that she was ill.
 Look that lovely shirt in the shop window!I
have been wanting one like that for some
time.
FOR - SINCE
 We
have not seen her……..she left Istanbul.
 They have been living in Ankara……..last
year.
 She has been talking on the
phone………..more than half an hour
 He has been trying to pass the university
exam…………at least three years.
 Mr Brown has been the President...........the
foundation of the institution
Past Perfect - Use
1) Together with the Simple Past
 When two past actions are combined the first action, which was completed
before the second one began, is put into
Past Perfect.
 Mary had read the book before she
watched a film.
After Amy had gone home it started to
rain.
After she had taken an aspirin,she felt better
 I finished my exam paper before the bell rang
 I did not interrupted him until/till he finished-had
finished his speech
 As soon as the guests left-had left ,I went straight
to the bed
 (after-as soon as) Once I had found where he
lived,I went to see him.
 The young couple had no sooner left the party than
people began to gossip about them
=No sooner had the young couple left the party
than……..
 By the time she came back ,I had finished my
work.

Going to-future - Use
The going to-future is one future tense. There are other future tenses,
like the will-future, the Present Progressive, the Future
Progressive/Continuous and the Simple Present.
We use the going to-future:
1) planned actions in the future
 We are going to sing at the party.
They are going to fly to South Africa.
2) You are certain that sth. is going to
happen in the future.
 Look at this car! It is going to crash into the
yellow one.
will-future - Use
The will-future is one future tense. There are other future tenses, like
the going to-future, the Present Progressive, the Future
Progressive/Continuous and the Simple Present.
1) Future actions happen without the speaker's
intention (birthday, weather, etc.)
 The sun will shine tomorrow.
Peter will be 15 next Tuesday.
2) Predictions, assumptions (I think, I hope, I'm
sure, I'm afraid)
 I think Sue will arrive in Paris at 6 pm.


3) Spontaneous actions (not planned)
Hang on! I'll have a word with you.
WILL – SHALL (I , we)
 We
will/shall invite them to the party.
 We shall not /will not go to the party.
 SHALL NOT=SHAN’T
 WILL NOT =WON’T
 WILL/
SHALL =‘LL
short forms
Future Perfect
Use
sth. will already have happened before a
certain
time in the future
Form
will + have + past participle
Example
I will have written the letter by tomorrow.
Future Perfect Progressive/Continuous
Use
sth. that will have already begun and will be
continuing in the future
Form
will + have + been + infinitive + ing
Example
I will have been swimming for an hour by
6.30.
Future Progressive/Continuous
Use
1) An action will be in progress at a certain
time in the future. This action has begun
before the certain time.
2) Something happens because it normally
happens.
Form
will + be + infinitive + ing
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
The bike is new. I've bought it.
The bike was new. I had bought it.
Past Perfect - Simple Past
Simple Past - Simple Past
The match had started before he arrived.
The match started when he arrived.
TENSES
1. When Carol (call)………..last night, I
(watch) ……… my favorite show on
television.
2. I (work) ………. for this company for more
than thirty years, and I intend to stay here
until I retire!
3. Thomas is an author. He (write) ……….
mystery novels and travel memoirs. He
(write) ………. since he was twenty-eight.
Altogether, he (write) ………. seven
novels, three collections of short stories
and a book of poetry.
4. Right now, Jim (read) ………. the newspaper and
Kathy (make) ………. dinner. Last night at this
time, they (do) ………. the same thing. She (cook)
………. and he (read) ………. the newspaper.
Tomorrow at this time, they (do, also) ………. the
same thing. She (prepare) ………. dinner and he
(read) ……….. They are very predictable people!
5. Jane talks on the phone.
Bob has been talking on the phone for an hour.
Mary is talking on the phone.
*Who is not necessarily on the phone now? ……….
6. Jane is talking in class.
Bob always talks in class.
Mary is always talking in class.
*Whose action bothers you? ……….
7. Jane never left Jamestown.
Bob has never left Jamestown.
 Who is still alive?
8. I (see) ………. many pictures of the
pyramids before I went to Egypt. Pictures
of the monuments are very misleading.
The pyramids are actually quite small.
9. When I (arrive) ………. home last night, I
discovered that Jane (prepare) ………. a
beautiful candlelight dinner.
10. By the time I got to the office, the meeting
(begin, already) ……….without me. My boss
(be) ………. furious with me and I (be)
………. fired.
11. When I (turn) ………. the radio on
yesterday, I (hear) ………. a song that was
popular when I was in high school. I (hear,
not) ………. the song in years, and it (bring)
………. back some great memories.
12. Last week, I (run) ………. into an exgirlfriend of mine. We (see, not) ………. each
other in years, and both of us (change)
………. a great deal. I (enjoy) ………. talking
to her so much that I (ask) ……….her out on
a date. We are getting together tonight for
dinner.
13. I (visit) ………. so many beautiful places
since I (come) ………. to Utah. Before moving
here, I (hear, never) ………. of Bryce Canyon,
Zion, Arches, or Canyonlands.
14. Right now, I am watching TV. Tomorrow at
this time, I (watch) ………. TV as well.
15. When you (get) ………. off the plane, I (wait)
………. for you.