Transcript Simple Present

Simple Present
FORM
• We study every day
• There are 7 days in a
week
• We take classes at
Downtown Campus.
• I am a Capricorn.
What’s your sign?
FUNCTION
• General statements of
fact & timeless truths
• Habitual actions
Present Progressive
FORM
• We are reviewing
grammar
• The air conditioning is
running
• My stomach is growling
• My sister is writing a book
about dolphins
• * I’m leaving at 10pm
tonight.
FUNCTION
• Action in progress now
• Temporary activity that
began in the past and will
end in the future.
• *Can express future
meaning with future
context or words.
Simple Past
FORM
• We went to the Grand
Canyon last winter.
• I played football in high
school.
• I told him already.
• We studied every day
• I was sick with the flu last
week.
FUNCTION
• action that began and
ended in the past.
Past Progressive
FORM
• I was telling your
brother what
happened.
• I was studying when
you called.
• I was walking down
the street when it
started to rain.
FUNCTION
• action in progress at a
particular time in the
past
Simple Future
• FORM
• Be careful, you’ll hurt
yourself! OR Be careful,
you’re going to hurt
yourself!
FUNCTION
• For predictions, will OR
be going to are both
possible.
• I’m going to work at 9am
on Saturday.
• I’m going to study tonight.
• To express a prior plan,
ONLY be going to is
used.
• I’ll help you wash the
dishes
• (phone rings) I’ll get it!
• To express willingness,
ONLY will is used.
Future Progressive
FORM
• I will be studying when you get
home from work tomorrow
night. OR I’m going to be
studying when you get home
from work tomorrow night.
• Don’t get impatient. She will be
coming soon.
• Don’t get impatient. She will
come soon.
FUNCTION
• activity that will be in progress
at a time in the future
• Sometimes there is little or no
difference between future
progressive and simple future,
especially when the future
even will occur at an indefinite
time in the future.
• The same rules ( will vs. be
going to) of Simple Future
apply for this tense
The dreaded Present Perfect
This is often a difficult tense for students.
But once you know when to use it, it’s not so
bad!
Present Perfect has 3 main uses
1. To express that sth has happened or never
happened at a non-specific time in the past.
2. To express the repetition of an activity before now.
NOTE: It is possible that the activity is ongoing/continuing.
3. With since or for, to express a situation (not action)
that began in the past and continues to the
present.
NOTE: For actions, we use Present Perfect Progressive
st
1
use of Present Perfect
FORM
• I’ve met you before,
but I can’t remember
when.
• Have you ever lost
your wallet?
• I’ve never lost my
wallet.
FUNCTION
To express that sth has
happened or never
happened at a nonspecific time in the
past.
2nd use of Present Perfect
FORM
• I’ve flown on
airplanes many times.
• I’ve studied for every
test.
• I’ve told my daughter
how important school
is.
FUNCTION
To express the repetition of
an activity before now.
NOTE: It is possible that the
activity is
ongoing/continuing.
3rd use of Present Perfect
FORM
FUNCTION
• I’ve known Sam for 5
years.
With since or for, to express a
situation (not action) that
began in the past and
continues to the present.
• I’ve loved my husband
since the day I met him.
• Mary has been building
her house for 2 years.
(build=action, so we use
present perfect progressive)
NOTE: For actions, we use
Present Perfect Progressive
Present Perfect Progressive
FORM
• I have been studying
for 2 hours.
• He has been telling
the same jokes since
I met him.
• You’ve been working
since 7am! You
should take a break!
FUNCTION
• Expresses an action
began in the past and
continues to the
present.
• NOTE: It is possible/likely that
this will continue into the
future.
Past Perfect Progressive
*You need 2 events in the past
FORM
• I had been watching a
movie when you called
last night.
• Sarah had been crying
when her mom came to
the house with flowers.
• He had been trying to fix
the sink for 3 hours when
his wife called the
plumber.
FUNCTION
• expresses that the 1st event in
the past was happening
when the 2nd one happened.
Future Perfect Progressive
*You need 2 events in the future
FORM
• Tom will have been
studying for 3 hours when
his roommate gets home
from work.
• Maria will have been
working at the company
for 10 years next May.
• We will have been driving
for 41/2 hours by the time
we reach Flagstaff.
FUNCTION
• expresses that the 1st
event will be happening
when the 2nd event
happens.
Past Perfect
*You need 2 events in the past
FORM
• Tom had already studied
Chapter 1 before he began
studying Chapter 2.
• I had bought the milk before
you called to tell me we
don’t need milk tonight.
• She had told me the price
was $5, and then you told
me it was $7. What’s going
on?
FUNCTION
• Past Perfect expresses
that one event
happened, and was
completed before the
other event happened in
the past.
Future Perfect
*You need 2 events in the future
FORM
• Tom will already have
studied Chapter 4 before
he studies Chapter 5.
• She will already have left
by the time we arrive.
• I will have completed all
my classes by
graduation.
FUNCTION
• one event will happen
and be completed,
before the 2nd event
happens.
Finally, a trick!
The following 4 tenses:
Past Perfect,
Past Perfect Progressive,
Future Perfect
Future Perfect Progressive
all exist to show us time order when there is more
than 1 event in time. If we use the words before
or after, or if the time order is clear from context,
we do not need these tenses. We can use
simple tenses instead.
• Examples:
1.
Past Perfect
• I had bought the milk before you called to tell me we don’t need
milk tonight.
• I bought the milk before you called to tell me we don’t need
milk tonight.
2. Past Perfect Progressive
• I had been watching a movie when you called last night.
• I was watching a movie when you called last night.
3. Future Perfect
• She will already have left by the time we arrive.
• She will leave before we arrive.
4. Future Perfect Progressive
• Maria will have been working at the company for 10 years next
May.
• Maria will be working for the company for 10 years next May