MODAL VERBS - A p a r t 32
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Transcript MODAL VERBS - A p a r t 32
MODAL VERBS
CAN-COULD-MAY-MIGHTMUST-MUST’NOT-NEEDN’TOUGHT TO-SHALL-WİLLWOULD- HAVE TO
We often use to be able to or
to be allowed to instead of
"can". We can only form the
Past of "can" (could). To put
"can" into other tenses we need
the phrases to be able to or to
be allowed to.
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
Tense
Modal
Simple
Present
I can play football.
Simple Past
I could play
football.
will-future
Do not use can in
the will-future.
Form
I am able to play football.
I'm able to play football.
I am allowed to play football.
I'm allowed to play football.
I was able to play football.
I was allowed to play football.
I will be able to play football.
I'll be able to play football.
I will be allowed to play
football.
I'll be allowed to play football.
Other possible tenses:
e.g. Present Perfect: I have been able to play football.
Tense
Simple Present
Modal
I cannot play football.
I can't play football.
Form
I am not able to play football.
I'm not able to play football.
I am not allowed to play football.
I'm not allowed to play football.
I was not able to play football.
I wasn't able to play football.
Simple Past
will-future
I could not play
football.
I couldn't play football. I was not allowed to play football.
I wasn't allowed to play football.
Do not use cannot in
the will-future.
I will not be able to play football.
I won't be able to play football.
I will not be allowed to play football.
I won't be allowed to play football.
Questions
Tense
Modal
Form
Is he able to play football?
Simple Present
Can he play
football?
Is he allowed to play football?
Was he able to play football?
Simple Past
Could he play
football?
Was he allowed to play football?
Will he be able to play football?
will-future
Do not use can in
the will-future.
Will he be allowed to play football?
Use (CAN)
Examples
ability to do sth. in the present
(substitute form: to be able to)
I can speak English.
permission to do sth. in the present
(substitute form: to be allowed to)
Can I go to the cinema?
request
Can you wait a moment, please?
offer
I can lend you my car till tomorrow.
suggestion
Can we visit Grandma at the weekend?
possibility
It can get very hot in Arizona.
Use (COULD)
Examples
ability to do sth. in the past (substitute
I could speak English.
form: to be able to)
permission to do sth. in the past
(substitute form: to be allowed to)
I could go to the cinema.
polite question *
Could I go to the cinema, please?
polite request *
Could you wait a moment, please?
polite offer *
I could lend you my car till tomorrow.
polite suggestion *
Could we visit Grandma at the
weekend?
possibility *
It could get very hot in Montana.
Use
(MAY)
Examples
possibility
It may rain today.
permission to do sth. in the present
(substitute form: to be allowed to)
May I go to the cinema?
polite suggestion
May I help you?
Use
( MIGHT)
Examples
possibility (less possible than may)
It might rain today.
*
hesitant offer *
Might I help you?
Use
MUST NOT
You mustn't work on dad's
computer.
Prohibition
Use
Examples
MUST
Examples
force, necessity
I must go to the supermarket
today.
possibility
You must be tired.
advice, recommendation
You must see the new film with
Brad Pitt.
Use (NEED NOT)
Examples
not necessary
I needn't go to the
supermarket, we're going to
the restaurant tonight.
Use (OUGHT TO)
Examples
Advice
You ought to drive carefully
in bad weather.
Obligation
You ought to switch off the
light when you leave the
room.
instead of will in the 1st person
Use (SHALL)
Examples
Suggestion
Shall I carry your bag?
Use (SHOULD)
Examples
Advice
You should drive carefully in
bad weather.
Obligation
You should switch off the
light when you leave the
room.
Use (WILL)
Examples
wish, request, demand, order
(less polite than would)
Will you please shut the door?
prediction, assumption
I think it will rain on Friday.
Promise
I will stop smoking.
spontaneous decision
Can somebody drive me to the
station? - I will.
* no past forms - future forms
Use (WOULD)
Examples
wish, request (more polite than Would you shut the door,
will)
please?
habits in the past (used to)
Sometimes he would bring me
some flowers.
have to in affirmative sentences (Simple
Present)
Example:
I/we/you/they
have to get up early.
He/she/it has to get up early.
I have to be at work at 8 am.
have to in negative sentences (Simple
Present)
Example:
I/we/you/they
do not have to get up early.
He/she/it does not have to get up early.
I don’t have to hurry,we have 1 hour more
to kill
have to in questions (Simple
Present)
Example:
Do
I/we/you/they have to get up early?
Does he/she/it have to get up early
Do I have to obey your rules? No I don’t
think so…
had to in affirmative sentences (Simple
Past)
Example:
I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they
had to get up
early.
As I missed the bus yesterday I had to
take taxi
Must –have to –have got to
necessity / obligation
You
must not cross the street when the
light is red
You must not work so hard.you will be
ill.(strong advice)
Need not/don’t need to /don’t have
to
don’t have to go to school tomorrow
because it is statutory holiday.
I need not………….
I don not need to………
I
forms (needn’t-don’t have to
I
did not have to go shopping.My husband
had already done.. (zorunda kalmadım)
You needn’t have washed the dishes.I was
going to put them in a dish washer(yapman
gerekmezdi)
Perfect modals
Your
book is not here.You must have left it
in the classroom.(unutmuş olmalısın)
She got the low mark in the exam.She
might not have/may not have studied
enough.(yeterince çalışmamış olabilir)
Yestarday
it was my day off.I could have
gone to the cinema.(gidebilirdim ama
gitmedim)
Yesterday she was not at home.she could
have gone to the cinema.(gitmiş olabilir)
leg has been in plaster.He couldn’t
have gone to match.(gitmiş olamaz)
He had a match but he didn’t go.We found
out that the match had ben cancelled.So
he couldn’t have gone even if he had
wanted to.(isteseydi bile gidemezdi)
His
ADVISABILITY
ShouldI
ought to-had better
overslept and I was late for the exam. I
should have set my alarmclock.(kurmalıydım)
I was caught red-handed by my mum
while smoking.I shouldn’t have told
lie.(söylememeliydim)
Be supposed to =should
(expectation)
What
are you supposed to do in
the apartment?
I
am supposed to pay the dues regularly
I am supposed to participate in the
apartment meetings.
I am supposed to keep the stairs clean.
I am supposed to be respectful for the
other neighbours
BE TO (EXPECTATION) = (BE
SUPPOSED TO)
The
film is to start at 11:30 (strong)
The train is supposed to arrive in an hour.
You are not to start before I give the green
light.=must’nt
What aren’t you supposed to do in the
apartment?
?....
?....
What is a student supposed to do during the
lesson?
?....
?....
What is a Muslim supposed to do in
Ramadan?
?....
Be allowed to =can (permission)
not ability
What
are you allowed to do at work?
I am allowed to work.
What
aren’t you allowed to do at
work/school
I am not allowed to smoke
I am not allowed to……….