Transcript Slide 1

Plate Tectonics
6.E.2.2
The earth's plates sit on a dense, hot, somewhat melted layer of the earth. The plates move
very slowly, pressing against one another in some places and pulling apart in other places,
sometimes scraping alongside each other as they do. Mountains form as two continental
plates, or an ocean plate and a continental plate, press together. There are worldwide
patterns to major geological events (such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and mountain
building) that coincide with plate boundaries. Lithospheric plates on the scale of continents
and oceans constantly move at rates of centimeters per year as a result of movements in the
mantle coupled with characteristics of the plates themselves. Major geological events, such
as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and mountain building, result from these plate motions.
The crustal plates range in thickness from a few to more than 100 kilometers. Ocean floors
are the tops of thin oceanic plates that spread outward from mid-ocean rift zones; land
surfaces are the tops of thicker, less-dense continental plates. Earth is made up of 4
different layers: inner core, outer core, mantle, crust. Seismologists have studied how wave
energy travels through the different layers of Earth. Waves have characteristics: frequency,
wavelength, amplitude and speed. During an earthquake, energy is released into the Earth
as: Primary waves, Secondary waves and Surface waves. 2013
Plate Tectonics Day 1
Objective
• In our study of Earth
Science, scientists will be
introduced to the different
factors and forces that have
created Earth’s features
around the world by
viewing media clips and
taking notes.
Warm Up
• Pangaea’s Moving Farther
Apart Again Song
• From the song, what are 2-3
facts that you already knew?
• List 3-5 facts that you
learned from the song.
▪Geologists discovered the Earth has three layersthe crust, the mantle, and the core.
▪Oceanic Crust--beneath the ocean, consists
mostly of dense rock.
▪Continental Crust--also consists of dense rock,
makes up the continents (land).
▪The crusts make up the lithosphere.
▪The asthenosphere is a soft layer that can bend
like plastic.
▪The lithosphere sits on top of the
asthenosphere
▪ Alfred Wegener first proposed the theory of continental
drift.
▪ Continental drift is the theory that all continents had once
been joined together in a single landmass and have drifted
apart since.
▪ This theory was named the Continental Drift Theory,
Pangaea = name of supercontinent.
http://www.odsn.de/odsn/services/paleomap/animation.html
Fossils
provide
evidence
for the
theory of
continental
drift.
Discovery Ed. Video Clip
▪ The lithosphere is broken into separate
sections called plates.
▪ The geological theory that states that pieces of
Earth’s lithosphere are in constant, slow
motion, driven by convection currents in the
mantle is plate tectonics. This theory states
that tectonic plates are moving approximately
3 cm (or 1 inch) per year.
Hot magma in the mantle heats up
and cools.
As it heats it rises and moves toward
the surface, and as it cools it sinks.
This is a process called convection
currents.
Convection currents are currents
beneath the plates that cause the
plates to move.
Convection Currents
http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/?assetGuid=70332E27-F6C4-4CE5-8D5EC5B6D397D6F7&fromMyDe=0&isPrinterFriendly=0&provider=&isLessonFromHealth=0&prod
uctcode=DETB&isAssigned=false&includeHeader=YES&homeworkGuid=
Convection Currents and the Mantle
http://www.absorblearning.com/media/item.action?quick=12p
Summary
The Continental Drift Song (Breaking Up Is Hard to Do)
Plate tectonic Theory
Pangaea-all lands
Make a sentence about Pangaea
Proof- fossils, geology, and climate
http://www.odsn.de/odsn/services/paleomap/animation.html
Surface of earth made of rigid “plates”
Float on asthenosphere is in constant motion
Explains
Drifting continents
Mountain building
Earthquakes
Volcanic activity
SCRAT AND CONTINENTAL
DRIFT-ICE AGE 4
While watching the video clip make a Tchart that lists the fiction and nonfiction
components.
Fiction
Nonfiction
Plate Tectonics Day 2
Objective
In our study of Earth
Science, scientists will
continue to discover factors
and forces that have created
Earth’s features around the
world by viewing media
clips, taking notes and
completing a venn diagram
that compares the different
types of plate boundaries.
Warm Up
In paragraph form, describe
how scientists can prove that
the tectonic plates are
continuing to move. Use the
following terms: fossils,
geology, climate, seismic
waves, earthquakes,
volcanoes, and mountains.
A paragraph is 5-8 complete
sentences.
Seismologists have studied how wave energy travels
through the different layers of Earth. Waves have
characteristics: frequency, wavelength, amplitude and
speed.
During an earthquake, energy is released into the Earth
Effects of crustal plate movement!
Major geological events, such as
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and
mountain building, result from these
plate motions.
Constructive ForcesHelp build land
Annimation
http://www.learner.org/interactives/dynamicearth/plate.html
Discovery Education 3 min.Video
http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/?assetGuid=5C04739F-F083-44B6-835120BD8A98211A&fromMyDe=0&isPrinterFriendly=0&provider=&isLessonFromHealth=0&produ
ctcode=DETB&isAssigned=false&includeHeader=YES&homeworkGuid=
Divergent Boundaries
http://www.learner.org/interactives/dynamicearth/slip3.html
• Boundary between two plates that are
moving apart or rifting
←→
plates split; hot molten rock from the mantle rises,
cools and causes the floor to spread.
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Iceland
Convergent
Boundarieshttp://www.learner.org/interactives/dynamicearth/slip2.html
Boundaries between two plates that are colliding
→ ←
Convergent Boundaries
BRAIN BREAK
Do the convergent Kung Fu
Panda move put your palms
together and rise.
What is formed?
Sometimes one plate slips
under the other in
subduction.
Do this move with your
hands.
Convergent Boundaries
Continental-Continental
Two continental plates crash
into one another and forms
mountains over millions of
years.
(Collide)
Appalachians
The
Himalayas
Convergent Boundaries
Oceanic-Continental
Subduction
http://www.learner.org/interactives/dy
namicearth/slip2.html
Oceanic plates collide with continental plates, and slide
beneath them creating trenches and/or volcanic arcs.
Oceanic plates are more dense than continental plates so
oceanic plates slide under continental plates.
Ex. Mt. St. Helens
http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=489D30FF-EC27-483E-825DA5FA582A57E4
Convergent Boundaries
Oceanic-Oceanic
Subduction
Oceanic plates collide with oceanic plates, the
older, more dense plate slides beneath the newer,
less dense plate and forms trenches and/or
island arcs.
Ex. Aleutian
Peninsula of Alaska
Transform Fault Boundaries
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZxPTLmg0ZCw
(3 min.)
Boundary between two plates that are sliding (or grind) past
each other
EARTHQUAKES occur along faults
Faults are breaks in the Earth’s crust where rocks have slipped
past each other.
Ex. San Andreas Fault (California)
Animations of each boundary
http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visua
lizations/es0804/es0804page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization
Make Your Own
Earthquake
Snap your fingers and
observe what is happening.
When you snap your fingers, imagine that each
finger is a big chunk of rock deep inside the
Earth’s surface. Like your fingers, one rock mass
is forced against another.
Earthquake Destruction
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Y-62Ti5_6s
Writing Reflection (in notebook):
Why do earthquakes in other countries seem to cause
more damage and casualties than earthquakes in the
US? What can Americans do about it?
Transform Fault
Divergent
Convergent
Hotspots
http://www.youtube.com/redirect?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nowplaying3d.com%2F&session_token=xykya4K30BdsW7z_ogLpfL81ad58MTM4OTMwOTE
xMUAxMzg5MjIyNzEx
(1.14)
hot material rises up through the mantle, heats up
the lithosphere and forms a volcano.
Once the plate passes over this hotspot, the
volcano becomes inactive.
Ex. Hawaiian Islands
http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=C485747EA115-41D6-9D42-D6FFE6CA3914
(1.41)
Mount Nyiragongo Video
Life near the volcano
http://youtu.be/rZLSvO6vJZ0
(8
min.)
More videos-no sound
http://youtu.be/W_meqhjQxb8
http://youtu.be/6qMYmNg6K_8
Discovery Education
http://player.discoveryedu
27
minute
video
cation.com/index.cfm?gui
dAssetId=8565EFBE6F25-42BF-A60C0BEA7F34ADCA
Where do earthquakes occur?
There are worldwide patterns to major geological events
(such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and mountain building)
that coincide with plate boundaries.
What happens when you throw a rock into water?
Why does it ripple? How far do the ripples
continue? How might this relate to Earthquakes?
VIBRATIONS
An instrument called a
seismograph records tectonic
plate movement.
A seismologist is a scientist
that studies earthquakes.
Aftershocks are smaller vibrations after a large
earthquake