Transcript SNV and REDD in Viet Nam

REDD in COPENHAGEN: SOME KEY ISSUES
Richard McNally
COP 15 Delegates Retreat, Hoa Binh,
23/11/2009
Presentation Outline
1. Background
2. REDD Policy: Key Issues for Copenhagen
BACKGROUND
Forest and carbon
Where are we on REDD?
• Not in KP; growing pressure to include post KP
(CRN, Stern Review etc)
• Bali Action Plan COP 13 [2007] includes REDD as
a potential option to reach climate goals
• COP 15 decides on REDD in post Kyoto Protocol?
• Non Paper 39 used as negotiating text at COP 15
• REDD part of the Climate Action Bill in the US
• Part of Voluntary market VCS AFOLU guidelines;
projects ongoing
REDD POLICY: SOME KEY ISSUES AT COP 15
1. Scope of the agreement: RED, REDD, REDD + ?
2. Introducing and Funding REDD (+)
3. Measuring, Reporting and Verification
4. Safeguards
1. The Scope
Non Paper 39: Option 1/2
include [reducing emissions from deforestation and
forest degradation [,maintaining existing carbon
stocks and enhancing removals] [or increasing
forest cover through afforestation and
reforestation], [while promoting] [enhancement of
carbon stocks through [sustainable forest [and
land] management] [sustainable management of
forests].]
• Reduced Emissions from deforestation [support
by Brazil etc] ‘RED’
• Also include degradation; harder to measure but
critical to many countries; general support
• REDD + [includes conservation, sustainable
forest management, enhancement of forest
stocks]
• General support behind REDD + to encourage all
countries involved – stop international leakage
• Issue of defn [e.g sustainable forest management
vs sustainable management of forests]
What does REDD+ include?
Implications for Viet Nam
• Relatively low levels of net
deforestation (US$58m p.a)
• Gross deforestation (US$145m
p.a)
• High levels of forest
degradation (REDD)
• High forest cover; degraded
land favours REDD ‘+’
• Sub national/ nested
approaches? gross levels
2. Implementing and Funding REDD +
General support for a Phased Approach: 3 Phases:
Phase 1: National REDD strategy development,
including national dialogue, institutional
strengthening, and demonstration activities – this
is happening now!!!!! (e.g. REDD Working Groups)
Phase 2: Implementation of policies and measures
(PAMs) proposed in those national REDD strategies
REDD + ready
Estimate of Readiness costs!!!!!
• Increased voluntary contributions to support Phase 1
[e.g. FCPF and UN REDD initiatives]
• Some sort of Readiness Fund established for Phase II
(estimate need 2 rising 10bn/year)
Readiness Funding: Non Paper 39
[… funded through … [market-linked revenues],
[innovative funding sources, Including auctioning of
national emissions trading allowances or of assigned amount
units at international level, and penalties or fines for non –
compliance of developed country Parties with their emission
reduction and financial resources commitments]. These
funds shall be [new and additional to ODA,] [complementary
to GEF, and bilateral and multilateral funding].]
Option 2
[existing funds and institutions, including multilateral,
bilateral and domestic arrangements].
Phase 3: Payment for performance on the basis of
quantified forest emissions and removals against
agreed reference levels which are Measured,
Reported and Verified (MRV)
• Not clear on Fund versus sold on Carbon Market
(concerns over flooding), dual market, or some
other combination
• Non Paper 18 to Non Paper 39 removal of
markets as stand alone option? Likely some
combination
• Lack clarity on financing for conservation and
maintenance of carbon stocks
3. Measuring, Reporting and Verification
• To measure it necessary to set Baseline/ Reference
Emissions Level
• REL: critical issue to determine potential carbon
revenues and interest from Parties
• Preference: based on national historical reference
period of past emissions – deforestation/forest deg.
net levels not so good for VN
Correction/development adjustment factor?
Forest transition curve
Forest area
100 %
Gabon
Surinam
Bolivia,
Indonesia
Cameroon
Lao
n
io
tat
es
for
De
• Inclusion correction
factor to reflect national
circumstances?
• E.g. historically low
deforestation and forest
degradation, forest
transition, capacities
• In Viet Nam the end of
661 program?
• Determined in SBSTA
Stabilization
n
tio
ta
s
re
fo
China
Re
Costa Rica
Vietnam
India, Bangaldesh
0%
Source: Conrad (2007), pres @ SBSTA 26
time
REDD and NAMA
• …. [and must be consistent with the overall
approaches to MRV of Nationally Appropriate
Mitigation Actions]
• Move towards inclusion in NAMAs/NAMA registry?
implications for financing, reporting???
• Support for (e.g. US, Brazil and EU) and against
(many tropical forest countries)
Institutional arrangements
• [Shall operate under the authority and guidance
of, and be fully accountable to, the COP]
• Establish regional and national capacity-building
in developing country Parties on MRV
• COP will establish technical/expert? panels for
MRVerification
4. Safeguards – growing contention
(a) Ensure that non-permanence is addressed;
(b) Ensure that necessary actions are taken to [avoid
leakage] [reduce leakage as much as possible];
(c) [Promote] transparent forest governance
structures and accessible support mechanisms,
taking into account national legislation and
sovereignty
Rights of indigenous people/local communities
(e) In accordance with relevant international
agreements[, such as the UN Declaration on the
Rights of Indigenous Peoples,] and taking into
account national circumstances and legislation,
respect the knowledge and rights of indigenous
peoples[, including their free, prior and informed
consent,] and members of local communities and
promote the full and effective participation…..
Non conversion of natural forests
(f) [Promote] actions that are consistent with the
conservation of biological diversity [, and do not
provide incentives for conversion of natural
forests][, including safeguards on the conversion of
natural forests] and enhance other social and
environmental benefits[, including [environmental]
[ecosystem] services], complementary to the aims
and objectives of relevant international conventions
and agreements.
• Lack of monitoring of safeguards
SNV Viet Nam
• In Copenhagen 8th till 17th
• Available any time to VN delegation
([email protected])
Two Events:
• Forest Day: Co Host for governance and
institutional capacity- Dr Cuong speaking
• Forest Day: Financing Event initial findings
• Side Event on CDM and small scale projects
with Practical Action