Transcript Industrial Revolution - Pleasantville High School

Industrial
Revolution
Pleasantville High School
For hundreds of years there was very little
change in technology in Europe.
People lived and worked with the same simple
tools that their ancestors had used.
.
Little had changed
since the time the
ancient Romans lived
1,500 years before.
Candles lit homes, animals provided help
for transportation, and craftsmen used their
skills to make hand-constructed goods
needed in the primitive society.
Why Britain First?
Geography and
Resources
•Coal
•Iron
•waterways
Why Britain First?




Stable Government
Excess capital (money) from world trade
Strong military to protect trade
Large food supply/ agricultural revolution
Agricultural Revolution
Agrarian Revolution
 Improved
methods of farming
Dutch/Dikes/use of fertilizers
 Townshed/crop rotation
 Jethro Tull/Seed drill
 Selective breeding
 Enclosure Movement = taking over and
fencing off land that was once shared by
peasants, to make large fields

Population Explosion
Why was there a population
Explosion in the 1700s?
Declining death rates
 increased birth rates
 Increase in food production
 Better health why? More food lead to
healthy women= healthy babies
 Better hygiene and sanitation
 Improved medical care

New technology
New Technology



Energy = steam engine and the use of coal
Improved Iron= smelting iron/better quality/less
expensive
Good were now produced faster and in mass
amounts!!!!
Changes in the Textile Industry


Spinner and weavers of thread work in
factories, not at home
Factory system workers and machines brought
together to produce large quantities of goods
Revolution in Transportation
Building of turnpikes/private roads/tolls
 George Stephenson: steam powered
locomotives to pull carriages along iron
rails
 Robert Fulton:steam boat/ 5 miles an
hour

Why were railroads important?
Spurred industrial growth
 Cheap method of transportation
 Created hundreds of thousands of new
jobs
 Boosted agricultural and fishing
industries, which could transport goods
to distant cities.
 Distant jobs
 Nationalism
 Resorts in country sides

Living conditions
Rapid urbanization (people moving to
cities)
 Poor people crowded into slums in cities,
near factories
 No running water, no heat, no sewage or
sanitation system
 Fire hazard
 Improved over time

Working conditions
Low pay/long hours
 Dangerous machines
 Factories dirty and unsanitary
 Poor lighting/no heat/poor ventilation
 Harsh and severe discipline
 Child labor/women workers

These are some Social Effects of
Industrial Revolution
Urbanization- the growth of large cities
 Rise of a working class
 New roles for children
 New roles for women
IN THE FOLLOWING SLIDES DETERMINE IF THESE EFFECTS
WERE

“POSITIVE” OR “NEGATIVE”
Urbanization 1

As fewer workers were
needed on the farm,
workers moved to the
cities to find jobs in
factories. Overcrowding
and pollution increased.
POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE?
Urbanization 2
POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE ?
Urbanization 3
Coal Dust
POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE ?
Urbanization 4

With the invention of
machines such as the
reaper, farmers could
harvest crops such as
wheat, more efficiently,
producing more food at
lower costs.
POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE ?
Urbanization 5

Wealthy merchants invested
newfound money and imported
goods from all over the world to
trade in growing markets.
POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE ?
Urbanization 6

New housing was built to
accommodate the growing
number of people flocking to
cities to find jobs in new
factories.
POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE ?
Rise of a Working Class 1

In the cities, workers often
found themselves working
long hours for low pay and
in dangerous factories.
Many factory owners
became rich while workers
did not.
www.historywiz.com
POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE ?
Rise of a Working Class 2


There was a wide
difference in wealth
between the factory
owners (haves) and the
workers (the have nots)
POSITIVE OR
NEGATIVE ?
New Roles for Children 1

While children used to work on the farm, many now worked in
dangerous conditions in factories. They were prized by factory
owners because they could fit into tight spots and would not
complain.
POSITIVE OR
NEGATIVE ?

www.historywiz.com
New Roles for Children 2
POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE ?
New Roles For Children 3





10 year boys
Spinning machines
Barefoot
60 to 72 hour work week
Fix broken threads on the
bobbins
POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE ?
New Roles For Children 4



9 yrs old
4 sides
48 cents
POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE ?
New Roles For Children 5
Fishery 3:30am to 5:30pm
POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE ?
New Roles For Children 6

Children often found
themselves working with
many other children in
factors under adult
supervision, creating a
surrogate family for them.
POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE ?
New Roles for Women 1

While women did chores on the farm, they were also
able to take care of children during the day. During
the Industrial Revolution, women would either work in
the dangerous factories or stay home and take care of
the children, thus becoming very dependent on men.
POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE ?
New Roles for Women 2
POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE ?
New Roles For Women 3
POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE ?
New Roles For Women 4

Instead of staying home
taking care of children and
maintaining the house,
women found themselves
in factories, often making
items such as cloth
POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE ?
SOCIAL HIERARCHY
Upper Class:
Upper Middle Class:
Business people, professionals such as
Lawyers and doctors
Rich industry and business owne
UC
C
Lower Middle Cla
Teachers, office workers, sh
LMC
F and P
Factory worker and Peasants:
Social Roles
Middle Class
Men
Women
•Worked in public
World of business
And government
•Stayed at home
And raised
children
Children
•Better chance of
education
Social Roles
Working Class
Men
Women
Children
•Worked long hours
In factories
•Worked long hours
In factories
•Worked long hours
In factories
Benefits/Problems







Benefits
Material wealth
Labor unions
Problems
Poor working conditions
Unhealthy living conditions
Class warfare
New Ways of Thinking
Laissez Faire Economics = Businesses
should operate with little or no
government interference
 Adam Smith = The Wealth of Nations,
promoted these ideas and IR
 Thomas Malthus = poor would continue
to suffer as long as population kept
increasing; wanted families to have
fewer children
 Social Darwinism = stronger nations,
stronger people, survive; weaker ones
die off or disappear

Emergence of Socialism
Socialism = focus on interests of society,
not individual; close the gap between
rich and poor; farms and businesses
owned by all people
 Utopian Socialists = Robert Owen tried
to create self sufficient communities; all
property and work is shared.

Karl Marx and Scientific
Socialism
1848 Marx and Friedrich Engals
 Communist Manifesto
 Struggle between wealthy capitalists vs.
working class (proletariat)
 Capitalists take advantage of proletariat
 Proletariat should take control of means
of production and establish classless
society with equal power, through a
revolution

Negative Effects of the Industrial
Revolution
Long hours/low wages
 Child labor
 Pollution/burning of coal/water
pollution
 Lack of education
 Unsafe working condition/machines
have no safety devices
 Poor ventilation/ lack of heat
 Spread of diseases
 Fire hazard/ crime/sanitation/sewers
 tenements

Positive Effects of the Industrial
revolution





Improved transportation Railway Age
Steam engines railroads/ships
Rising standard of living
Better food
Affordability of consumer goods