Transcript Document

.
.
CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
1
7/21/2015
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
TO
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
INCIDENTS
AWARENESS
CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
2
7/21/2015
WHAT IS ‘AWARENESS’
It’s About Safety









Basic Definitions
Regulations and Standards
ICS*
Terminology
Hazard and Risk Assessment
Site Control
SOG’s*
SARA and ERP*
Personal Protective Equipment
CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
3
7/21/2015
WHY IS THIS A BIG DEAL?
We don’t do it all the time – so we need the
practice
 Many unpredictable elements = room for
error
 NFPA and OSHA agree that it’s a big deal

CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
4
7/21/2015
THE ROLE OF THE FIRE
DEPARTMENT AT A
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
INCIDENT
IT’S THE SAME AS ANY OTHER CALL:
Show up and do the best we can to save lives
and protect property while ensuring that
we all go home safe and sound afterward.
CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
5
7/21/2015
DEFINITIONS
FIRST RESPONDERAWARENESS LEVEL
Responds to the Emergency
 Recognizes the release as hazardous
 Calls for Appropriate Resources
 Assists with Intervention as Training
Dictates

CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
6
7/21/2015
DEFINITIONS
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
EMERGENCY
 An occurrence that results, or is likely to
result, in an uncontrolled release of a
hazardous substance (OSHA 1910.120)
CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
7
7/21/2015
DEFINITIONS
HAZARDOUS MATERIAL (EPA)
 A material which, due to its concentration,
quantity, or chemical or physical
properties, may cause, or significantly
contribute to an increase in mortality, to an
increase in serious, irreversible illness, or
pose a substantial present or potential
hazard to human health or the environment
when improperly managed.
CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
8
7/21/2015
DEFINITIONS
HAZARDOUS MATERIAL (Clear Creek)
 Animal, vegetable, mineral, or chemical
that could explode, catch fire, get on you
and make you sick, or get on a fish or
boreal toad and make him sick.
CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
9
7/21/2015
HOW DO WE BECOME
“AWARE”
To become aware, one must educate onesself on:
Identifying the substance
 Keeping the substance at bay
 Keeping the substance off of ones-self

CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
10
7/21/2015
HOW DO WE IDENTIFY THE
‘SUBSTANCE’?
MANY BRILLIANT CHEMISTS,
TOXICOLOGISTS, FIRE CHIEFS, AND
TRUCK DRIVERS HAVE WORKED
DILLIGENTLY FOR YEARS TO
ANSWER THIS QUESTION
AND THEY STILL DON’T AGREE
CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
11
7/21/2015
TWO MAIN I.D. METHODS

NFPA 704

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
12
7/21/2015
NFPA 704 (the DIAMOND)
HEALTH HAZARD (BLUE)
 FIRE HAZARD (RED)
 REACTIVITY (YELLOW)
 SPECIFIC HAZARD

Used on fixed facilities
 Each Hazard gets a rating of 0 thru 4
 4 is bad, 0 is good

CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
13
7/21/2015
DOT System
(the ORANGE book)
Transportation Based System
(it’s the one you see on trucks)
 The PLACARD is the key
 Look for the PLACARD on the truck, then look
for the NUMBER on the placard.
 If you find the NUMBER, look up the NUMBER
on the YELLOW PAGES.
 The YELLOW PAGES tell you What the
material is and Which GUIDE NO. to find in the
ORANGE PAGES.
CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
14
7/21/2015
DOT GUIDEBOOK
If we can’t find the NUMBER, try looking
for the NAME of the material on the
shipping papers.
 If you find the NAME, look it up in the
BLUE PAGES.
 The BLUE PAGES tell you Which Guide
No. to look up in the ORANGE PAGES.

CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
15
7/21/2015
DOT GUIDEBOOK
The ORANGE PAGES
 Potential Hazards
 Safety Precautions
 Emergency Response
CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
16
7/21/2015
No Name or #? No Problem!
We can still use the ORANGE BOOK
Turn to GUIDE 111 in the ORANGE PAGES
CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
17
7/21/2015
No Name or #? No Problem!
What does the truck look like?
MC312
MC307
MC306
MC331
MC312
CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
MC306
18
7/21/2015
THE HAZARDS OF HAZMAT
ROUTES OF EXPOSURE
 INHALATION
(Breath it in)
 ABSORPTION (Get it on ya’)
 INGESTION (You eat it)
CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
19
7/21/2015
HAZARDS OF HAZMAT
YOU MAY ASK: What Happens if I Eat It,
Breath It, or Get It On Me?
The answer is: THAT DEPENDS
It depends on What, Who, Where,
and How Much!
CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
20
7/21/2015
HAZARDS OF HAZMAT
Ultimately ingestion, absorption, or
inhalation of a hazardous material can
affect your body at the cellular level (you
know, the ‘cell’, as in the basic element of
life)
It may be skin cells, blood cells, or the cells
in your kidneys.
CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
21
7/21/2015
HAZARDS OF HAZMAT
The key to minimizing the effects of
hazardous material exposure is to avoid
exposure in the first place.
We do that by:
 Assessing our risks and hazards
 Controlling the scene
 Wearing proper protective equipment
CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
22
7/21/2015
HAZARD AND RISK
ASSESSMENT-’D.E.C.I.D.E.
DETECT the presence of hazardous mat.
ESTIMATE the likely harm w/o intervention
CHOOSE the appropriate response objective
IDENTIFY options
DO the best option
EVALUATE and re-evaluate progress
CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
23
7/21/2015
HAZARD AND RISK
ASSESSMENT – Things to
Consider
Where is the spill?
 Where is the spill headed?
 What is the material?
 What are the hazards to responders?

CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
24
7/21/2015
SITE CONTROL
OBJECTIVES
o Minimize chaos (and there will be chaos)
o Provide direction and efficiency
o Provide for accountability
o Prevent harm
o Prevent/minimize contamination
CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
25
7/21/2015
SITE CONTROL

START OUT WITH A BIG PERIMETER
– YOU CAN ALWAYS MAKE IT
SMALLER LATER

SET UP YOUR ZONES EARLY
(WHAT’S A ZONE?)
CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
26
7/21/2015
SITE CONTROL
YOU KNOW – ZONES!!!
COLD ZONE (OR GREEN ZONE)
 WARM ZONE (OR YELLOW ZONE)
 HOT ZONE (OR RED ZONE)

CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
27
7/21/2015
SITE CONTROL
COLD ZONE (the place you should want to be) –
no hazards
WARM ZONE (the place nobody wants to be) – for
contamination reduction
HOT ZONE (where the action is) – highest level of
PPE required
CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
28
7/21/2015
SITE CONTROL
CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
29
7/21/2015
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT (A.K.A. PPE)
So we don’t want to get it on us, eat it, or
breath it – how do we “tame the beast”?
We wear Personal Protective Equipment
 Skin protection
 Respiratory protection
CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
30
7/21/2015
PPE
SKIN PROTECTION
Boots (turn-outs, Tyvek overshoes,
chemical resistant boots)
 Gloves (Fire, Latex, Nitrile, Butyl)
 Clothing (turn-out gear, Tyvek, Saranex, or
the Big Dog Level A suit)

CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
31
7/21/2015
PPE
Respiratory Protection – 3 types
 None (this is bad)
 Air purifying respirator (APR)
 Supplied Air (SCBA)
In Clear Creek, we keep it simple: it’s SCBA or
NOTHING
CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
32
7/21/2015
PPE
ENSEMBLES
(makes you think of Lt. Timmens, don’t it?)

Level D – The clothes you wore to class
plus steel toed boots and a hard hat

Modified Level D – Your turn-out gear
CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
33
7/21/2015
PPE
ENSEMBLES CONTINUED
 LEVEL C – a Tyvek suit or turn-out gear with an
APR (but we don’t have APRs, so…

Modified LEVEL C – same as above with SCBA

If you need respiratory protection, use an SCBA.
CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
34
7/21/2015
PPE
MORE ENSEMBLES
 LEVEL B – Heavy duty non-encapsulating
suit (like Saranex) plus SCBA

LEVEL A – Fully encapsulating suit plus
SCBA and a whole lot of Gatorade
CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
35
7/21/2015
PPE
WHEN DO WE USE WHAT ENSEMBLE?
 Listen to someone who knows.
 Use your reference materials (the little
ORANGE book).
 ERR on the side of caution
CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
36
7/21/2015
PUT IT ALL TOGETHER







Respond to the call – think ahead about staging,
resources, hazards.
Size-up the scene. Give a good report.
Isolate the area
Identify hazards
Develop a plan
Initiate the plan using safe procedures and the
right equipment
DON’T DRIVE THRU, WALK THRU OR
PARK IN THE PRODUCT!
CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
37
7/21/2015
STANDARD OPERATING
GUIDELINES

1)
2)
Standard Operating Guidelines (SOGs)
exist for two purposes:
To Provide general information on
department policies to personnel; and
To Provide basic guidance to department
personnel regarding specific types of fire
department operations.
CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
38
7/21/2015
S.O.G.

Standard Operating Guidelines are not
intended to address every situation. They
are meant to be GUIDEANCE – to be
adaptable to a variety of situations and
circumstances.

They are another ‘tool in the toolbox’
CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
39
7/21/2015
S.O.G. NO. 11O
HAZMAT RESPONSE
HIGHLIGHTS
 Every incident presents the potential for
exposure to hazardous materials and the
products of combustion of an ordinary fire
may present severe hazards to personnel
safety.
 Adequate situation evaluation is critical. If
the wrong decision is made, personnel can
easily become part of the problem instead of
part of the solution.
CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
40
7/21/2015
S.O.G. NO. 110 cont.




The first arriving unit will establish
Command and begin a size-up.
The first unit must consciously avoid
committing itself to a dangerous situation.
Establish staging for other responding units.
At all incidents involving hazardous
materials, a Safety Sector will be
established.
CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
41
7/21/2015
S.O.G. NO. 111
NATURAL GAS INCIDENTS
HIGHLIGHTS
 Natural gas is lighter than air and will
dissipate rapidly outside.
 Inside buildings it tends to pocket,
particularly in attics and dead air spaces.
 The flammable limits are approximately 3%
to 15% in air.
 Natural gas itself is non-toxic. It does,
however, displace oxygen and can result in
asphyxiation if in a confined space.
 Flammable gas ranges and oxygen contents
can only be determined by a combustible
gas instrument.
CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
42
7/21/2015
NATURAL GAS INCIDENTS




Burning natural gas should not normally be
extinguished
Fires should be controlled by stopping the
flow.
All personnel working in the vicinity of a
known or suspected gas leak shall wear full
protective clothing.
A safety perimeter shall be established and
maintained around any suspected gas leak.
CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
43
7/21/2015
S.O.G. NO. 112
FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS
INCIDENTS
HIGHLIGHTS
 Flammable liquids present particular
problems for fire protection, health, safety,
and environmental protection.
 The principle agent for flammable liquid
firefighting is AFFF/ATC (Aqueous Film
Forming Foam/Alcohol Type Concentrate).
Initial attack on any flammable liquid fire
should be made with AFFF/ATC.
CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
44
7/21/2015
FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS INCIDENTS



Continuous monitoring with combustible gas
meters is necessary to verify that vapors are
being suppressed.
Keep the number of personnel that are
working in the spill area to a minimum.
All personnel working around spills must
wear full protective clothing (turnouts,
SCBA) to afford protection in cases of
ignition.
CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
45
7/21/2015
FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS INCIDENTS




Vapor areas can only be detected
by the use of combustible gas
indicators carried by Stations 2 and
4.
Cover spills immediately with
AFFF/ATC to "seal" vapors.
Control ignition sources in the area
of the spill.
Do not permit the flammable liquid
to run-off into storm drains, sewers,
or drainage systems.
CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
46
7/21/2015
S.O.G. NO. 113
CARBON MONOXIDE
INCIDENTS
HIGHLIGHTS
 It is the policy of the Clear Creek Fire
Authority that all personnel shall utilize selfcontained breathing apparatus in
atmospheres containing 35 parts per million
or greater of carbon monoxide.
 Carbon monoxide may be present for
several different reasons: As a by-product of
combustion, an emission from internal
combustion engines, a chemical reaction, or
a leak from an industrial process.
CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
47
7/21/2015
CARBON MONOXIDE INCIDENTS

Carbon monoxide has approximately
the same vapor density (weight) as air.
When monitoring for CO, instruments
do not have to be placed near the floor
or ceiling for accurate readings.
CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
48
7/21/2015
CARBON MONOXIDE INCIDENTS




An atmospheric concentration of CO that is
below the TLV (50 ppm) does not always
indicate an adequate level of oxygen. An
atmosphere containing less that 19.5%
oxygen requires the use of SCBA.
An atmospheric concentration of CO that is
below the TLV does not always indicate that
other toxic gases or products of combustion
(particulate matter) are not present.
An atmospheric concentration of CO that is
below the TLV with the presence of visible
smoke particles still requires respiratory
protection.
Positive pressure ventilation will reduce the
CO content as well as other gases.
CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
49
7/21/2015
IS HE DONE YET? (almost)

A HAZMAT call is just like any other. Just like a
structure fire or an MVA on icy roads, our goal is
to size up the scene, take care of business, and
arrive back at the station in one piece.

With HAZMAT, remember that it’s easier to
evacuate an entire city than explain to your
partners kid why Daddy won’t be coming home
for dinner.
CCFA HazMat Awareness 2003
50
7/21/2015