Transcript 18th century - www.dascolihum

Art of the Enlightenment,
Rococo
and Neoclassical Art
Professor A. D’Ascoli
Rococo Art Characteristics
Stresses the main traits only
 Uses mirrors and reflections to blur and
create a world of dream
 Totally free and a-symmetric in style
 Irregular lines and contours
 Usually mundane or palace life scenes
 Depicts the pursuit of pleasure and leisure
time of the wealthy; decadence
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18th Century Art - Rococo
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Pilgrimage to Cythera
1717
Paris, France
Painting
Artist: Jean-Antoine
Watteau
Noted for his fete
galantes (outdoor party
scenes)
Lightness of content and
color is representative of
the Rococo movement
18th Century Art - Rococo
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Bath of Diana
1742
Paris, France
Painting
Artist: Francois Boucher
Pale, delicate and well
taken care of was the
typical female ideal of the
period
Nudity was only
acceptable if it was
placed within an antique
context
18th Century - Rococo
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The Meeting
1771 – 1773
Paris, France
Painting
Artist: Jean-Honore
Fragonard
Boucher’s student
Famous for his rapid
brushwork often
finishing paintings
within an hour
Sculpture is an
imaginary one
18th Century
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The Artist and Her
Daughter
1785
Paris, France
Painting
Artist: Marie-LouiseElisabeth Vigee-Lebrun
Court painter for Marie
Antoinette
Classical style of nobility
Self-Portrait with Two Pupils
1785
Paris, France
Painting - oil on canvas
6 ft. 11 in. x 4 ft. 11 1/2 in.
Adélaide Labille-Guiard
The French Art Academy only allowed 4
women in its ranks at any one time; this piece
was used as a propaganda piece to allow
more women in
18th Century - Rococo
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The Brioche
1763
Paris, France
Painting
Artist: Jean-BaptisteSimeon Chardin
Chardin was a master
of still life paintings
Use of oil paints
allows for realistic
portrayals
18th Century – Rococo
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The Marriage Contract
1744
London, England
Painting
Artist: William Hogarth
Hogarth painted in series,
this one is about
arranged marriages and
how they often turn sour
Always had a moral
From the Marriage a la
mode series
18th Century - Rococo
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Lady Elizabeth Delme
& her Children
1777 – 1780
London, England
Painting
Artist: Joshua
Reynolds
Favored classical art
rather than new style
Places aristocratic
subjects in nature
18th Century - Rococo
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Mary, Countess Howe
1765
London, England
Painting
Artist: Thomas
Gainsborough
Reynolds and
Gainsborough were rivals
in the English court
18th century portraiture is
supposed to flatter the
subject
Mrs. Richard Brinsley Sheridan
1787
London, England
Painting - oil on canvas
7 ft. 2 5/8 in. x 5 ft. 5/8 in.
Thomas Gainsborough
A friend of Gainsborough who was a
celebrated Soprano singer
He depicted her seated upon a rocky knoll on
a windswept hillside almost as if she were a
muse of nature.
Neo-Classical Art Characteristics
Reaction to Baroque and Rococo
extravagances
 Return to classical lines and themes
 Unemotional and straightforward
 Discipline and order are the focus
 Moral themes
 Restraint
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George Washington
Ca. 1779-1781
New York
Painting - oil on canvas
95 x 61 3/4 in.
Charles Willson Peale
The original portrait was so famous that Peale
made several copies, in several uniforms with
several backgrounds.
This one is shown after the Battle of Trenton,
one of the turning points of the Revolutionary
War
Portrait of Paul Revere
Cs. 1768-1770
Boston, MA
Painting - oil on canvas
2 ft. 11 1/8 in. x 2 ft. 4 in.
John Singleton Copley
Copley was the most famous American portrait
painter
Revere is shown wearing linen which was
banned by England but is contemplating a tea
pot, the artist attempting to stay neutral in the
conflict
18th Century – Neo-Classicism
The Tennis Court Oath
1789 – 1791
Paris, France
Painting
Artist: Jacques Louis David
A return to the classical
ideals of the Renaissance
briefly reappeared during
the French Revolution and
Napoleon’s reign
18th Century – Neo-Classicism
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Napoleon in his Study
1812
Paris, France
Painting
Artist: David
Surrounded by
objects to celebrate
his accomplishments
Napoleon attempted
to portray himself as a
Roman Emperor
18th Century – Neo-Classical
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Oath of the Horatii
1785
Paris, France
Painting
Artist: David
Scenes set in ancient
Rome became the rage
when Pompeii was
rediscovered and
excavated
Horizontals and
diagonals
Death of Socrates
1787
Paris, France
Painting
Jacques-Louis David
Classical objects in the painting were inspired
by those actually found in Pompeii
18th Century – Neo-Classical
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Death of Marat
1793
Paris, France
Artist: David
Painting
Left large empty space in
upper portion
Purpose was to create a
public memorial after his
murder by Charlotte
Corday (a Royalist)
18th Century – Neo-Classical
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Cornelia Pointing to her
Children as her Treasures
1785
London, England
Painting
Angelica Kaufman
She trained in Italy where she
studied the paintings at
Pompeii and modeled her
figures on the classical ideal
This work champions family
values
Simple attire and a bare
interior to show that material
things are not important
18th Century – Neo-Classical
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Watson and the Shark
1778
Boston, Massachusetts
Artist: John Copley
Painting
Although trained in
England at the Royal
Academy and basically a
Neo-Classicist, this work
foreshadows the
movement of Romanticism
that was to come
Real event that was
depicted for political
propaganda when Watson
was running for office
Voltaire
1778
Paris, France
Sculpture
18 7/8 in. high
Jean-Antoine Houdon
Voltaire was a master of Enlightenment
philosophy – here he is seen in old age
18th Century- Neo-Classical
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George Washington
1788 – 1792
Virginia and Paris
Sculpture
Artist: Jean-Antoine
Houdon
Stance is contrapposto
In general’s attire rather
than everyday clothes
13 fasces (rods)
Paulene Borghese as Venus
1808
Rome, Italy
Sculpture
Artist: Antonio Canova
She was the sister of Napoleon
Cupid and Psyche
1787-1793
Rome, Italy
Sculpture
Antonio Canova
Probably his most often
imitated and copied piece
18th Century – Neo-Classical
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Chiswick House
1725 – 1729
London, England
Architecture
Artists: Lord Burlington &
William Kent
Design based on the
Pantheon in Rome and Villa
Rotonda
Central dome and pediment
are tributes to classical
Rome
Brandenburg Gate
1788-1791
Berlin, Germany
Architecture
Karl Gotthard Langhans
Similar to a triumphal arch and a temple
facade
The Panthéon (Sainte-Geneviève)
1755-1792
Paris, France
Architecture
Artist:Jacques-Germain Soufflot
Originally a church turned into a Temple of
Reason under Napoleon – now a mausoleum
18th Century – Neo-Classical
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La Madeleine
1806 – 1842
Paris, France
Architecture
Artist: Pierre-Alexandre Vignon
Based on the Parthenon of
Athens
Renamed by Napoleon briefly
as Temple of Glory (he was
going to use it to store his war
trophies)
Corinthian order was used
Raised base and steps only in
front are Roman temple
characteristics
18th Century – Neo-Classical
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Monticello
1770 – 1806
Charlottesville, Virginia
Architecture
Artist: Thomas Jefferson
He designed his own house
based on Chiswick House,
the Pantheon, and Villa
Rotunda
Dome is polygonal rather
than a simple circle
Very symmetrical
18th Century – Neo-Classical
Virginia State Capitol Building
Maison Caree
Dome of Capitol
George Washington as Zeus
The End
Next lecture …
Romanticism and Realism