Transcript Slide 1

Epidemiology and the Energy Balance Equation
Orientation: Lesson 1-1 For Students’ First Class
This project is located at Montclair State University
and is supported by Science Education Partnership Awards (SEPA), Grant Number R25RR025136,
from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), National Institutes of Health (NIH) © 2008
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New Lesson 1-1: Introduction to Curriculum
Revised Oct 22, 2011
Teacher Note: Module 1 Overview
Content Area: Descriptive epidemiology, Surveillance, and
Hypothesis-Generation
Essential Questions: How is the health or disease outcome distributed in terms of person,
place, and time? What are some possible explanations for this distribution?
Enduring Understanding: Health and disease are not distributed haphazardly in a
population. There are patterns to their occurrence that can be identified through
surveillance. Analysis of the patterns of health and disease distribution can provide clues
for formulating hypotheses about possible causes.
Core Concepts:
Lessons:
• CDC
1-1 Introduction to Curriculum
• Ethics
1-2 Surveillance
• Hypothesis
1-3 Patterns and Hypotheses
• Human subjects
1-4 Describing Health-Related Behaviors in Youth
• Prevalence rate
1-5 Creating a Surveillance Question
• Person, place, and time
1-6 Respect – Part I
• Surveillance
1-7 Surveillance Studies – In Class
• Survey questions
1-8 Surveillance Studies – In School
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New Lesson 1-1: Introduction to Curriculum
Teacher Note: Enduring Epidemiological Understandings for
the Epidemiology and the Energy Balance Equation Curriculum
1. Health and disease are not distributed haphazardly in a
population. There are patterns to their occurrence that can be
identified through surveillance. Analysis of the patterns of health
and disease distribution can provide clues for formulating
hypotheses about their possible causes.
2. Causal hypotheses can be tested by conducting investigations
of the exposures and outcomes of selected groups of people as
they go about their lives. Information from these observational
studies can be used to determine if an exposure and an
outcome are associated. Because observational studies are
complicated by factors not controlled by the observer, other
explanations also must be considered.
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New Lesson 1-1: Introduction to Curriculum
Teacher Note: Authentic Assessment for Module 1 of the
Epidemiology and the Energy Balance Equation Curriculum
Students will conduct and interpret a descriptive epidemiological
survey among students in their class and again among students
outside their class. Working in teams, students will have the
opportunity to demonstrate their abilities to request informed
consent, ask questions about a health-related behavior, accurately
record responses, calculate prevalence of the behavior, make
accurate statements about the prevalence of the behavior among
their classmates, look for patterns, and formulate hypotheses based
on the patterns they observe. Deliverables will include either written
reports or presentations about the surveys. Specific performance
criteria will be used to help ensure that the experiences allow a
genuine, realistic, and fair assessment of students’ comprehension
of the Module 1 Enduring Epidemiological Understanding.
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New Lesson 1-1: Introduction to Curriculum
Teacher Note: Goals of Lesson 1-1
• Provide motivation for learning about the science of epidemiology.
• Define the discipline of epidemiology and the work of epidemiologists.
• Define the energy balance equation and explain its public health
importance in today’s world.
• Explain two basic areas in epidemiology:
- Exploring the patterns of health-related events or behaviors in
populations
- Studying what might have caused these patterns to occur
• Show how the concepts and methods of epidemiology will be applied to
increasing understanding of issues about the energy balance equation.
• Explain that students will have authentic epidemiology experiences in
which they will learn how to apply epidemiology methods within their
school settings.
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New Lesson 1-1: Introduction to Curriculum
Start of Lesson 1-1
(estimate 1 class period)
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New Lesson 1-1: Introduction to Curriculum
Things That Turn Up Together
Suicide Higher in
Areas with Guns
Smoking Linked to Youth
Family Meals Are
Eating Disorders
Good for Mental Health
Study Links
Iron Deficiency
to Math Scores
Study Concludes:
Movies Influence
Youth Smoking
Students Who Bring
Their Lunch to
School Eat Less
Junk Food
Higher Risk of
Obesity Among
Teens with More
Video-Game Playing
Breakfast Each Day May Keep Colds Away
Snacks Key to Kids’ TV- Linked Obesity: China Study
Proximity of Fast Food Restaurants to
Schools and Adolescent Obesity
Study Links Physical Fitness to Academic Achievement
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New Lesson 1-1: Introduction to Curriculum
Where do you get your information? Are you empowered?
Do you rely on other people’s interpretations?
Peer-reviewed published studies in
medicine, epidemiology, behavioral
science, toxicology, and others
they get from …(with filters)
?
Parents, teachers, friends, doctors,
nurses, nutritionists, celebrities,
textbooks, advertisements, cell
phones, Facebook, blogs, labels,
newspapers, magazines, television
you get from ... (with filters)
Your experience, knowledge,
critical thinking, and common sense
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New Lesson 1-1: Introduction to Curriculum
Epidemiology and the Energy Balance Equation
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New Lesson 1-1: Introduction to Curriculum
Balance and Equilibrium
What does it mean to be
“in balance”?
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New Lesson 1-1: Introduction to Curriculum
Which is in balance?
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New Lesson 1-1: Introduction to Curriculum
A Balanced Diet
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New Lesson 1-1: Introduction to Curriculum
The Energy Balance Equation
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New Lesson 1-1: Introduction to Curriculum
Skittles / Beans Experiment
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New Lesson 1-1: Introduction to Curriculum
Why is all of this so important?
• Increasing incidence of overweight and
obesity among children and adolescents, as
well as the American population as a whole
• Increasing health consequences such as
Type 2 diabetes, even among young people
• Some populations are more at risk than
others
How do we know this?
EPIDEMIOLOGY
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New Lesson 1-1: Introduction to Curriculum
Pre-Course Definition of Epidemiology
What is
Epidemiology?
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New Lesson 1-1: Introduction to Curriculum
Definition of Epidemiology
A term derived from the Greek:
epi : on, upon
demos : the people
logos : the study of
(Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)
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New Lesson 1-1: Introduction to Curriculum
Professions in Health – How Epidemiology Fits In
Doctor
Pathologist
Epidemiologist
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New Lesson 1-1: Introduction to Curriculum
All in a Name
Criminal Detectives
Epidemiologists
Investigate crimes
Investigate diseases
Look for clues at a
crime scene
Look for clues in
populations
Judge quality of
evidence
Judge quality of
evidence
Form hypotheses
Form hypotheses
Identify suspects
Identify suspected causes
Present evidence in
court
Present evidence in scientific
journals and at scientific meetings
Help control crime
Help control disease
New Lesson 1-1: Introduction to Curriculum
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Epidemiologists = Disease Detectives
-
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What does an Epidemiologists “Look” Like?
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New Lesson 1-1: Introduction to Curriculum
Useful Definitions of Epidemiology
Epidemiology helps answer how and why diseases
occur among a population in order to control and
prevent diseases. MedMyst Disease Defenders
Epidemiology is the study of patterns of health and
illness and associated factors at the population
level. Wikipedia
Epidemiology is the study of populations in order
to determine the patterns and causes of health
and illness, and to be able to apply the learned
information to the control of health problems.
Working definition for this class
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New Lesson 1-1: Introduction to Curriculum
A Working Definition of the Science of Epidemiology
Epidemiology is the study of populations in order
to determine the patterns and causes of health and
illness, and to be able to apply the learned
information to the control of health problems.
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New Lesson 1-1: Introduction to Curriculum
A Working Definition of the Science of Epidemiology
Epidemiology is the study of populations in order
to determine the patterns and causes of health and
illness, and to be able to apply the learned
information to the control of health problems.
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New Lesson 1-1: Introduction to Curriculum
A Working Definition of the Science of Epidemiology
Epidemiology is the study of populations in order to
determine the patterns and causes of health and
illness, and to be able to apply the learned
information to the control of health problems.
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New Lesson 1-1: Introduction to Curriculum
A Working Definition of the Science of Epidemiology
Epidemiology is the study of populations in order to
determine the patterns and causes of health and
illness, and to be able to apply the learned
information to the control of health problems.
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New Lesson 1-1: Introduction to Curriculum
A Working Definition of the Science of Epidemiology
Epidemiology is the study of populations in order to
determine the patterns and causes of health and
illness, and to be able to apply the learned
information to the control of health problems.
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New Lesson 1-1: Introduction to Curriculum
As related to this definition, here are three areas that
epidemiology tries to address (among others)
Patterns
Causes
Population patterns
in health & illness
and related
behaviors
Causes of
health
and illness
in populations
Control of
Health Problems
Actions that may
change the patterns
of health and illness
in populations
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New Lesson 1-1: Introduction to Curriculum
This curriculum concentrates on the first two . . .
Patterns
Causes
Population patterns
in health & illness
and related
behaviors
Causes of
health
and illness
in populations
Control of
Health Problems
Actions that may
change the patterns
of health and illness
in populations
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New Lesson 1-1: Introduction to Curriculum
How is Epidemiology connected to this class?
Patterns
Causes
Population patterns in health &
illness and related behaviors
Causes of health & illness
in populations
Module 1
DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY
Module 2
ANALYTICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
Studies of health-related
exposures and outcomes
Surveys of
health-related behaviors
Studies of health-related
exposures and outcomes
What are the patterns of eating
and physical activity behaviors
among our classmates?
What are the possible causes
and/or consequences of patterns
in eating and physical activity?
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New Lesson 1-1: Introduction to Curriculum
Disease Detectives and the Energy Balance Equation
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New Lesson 1-1: Introduction to Curriculum
Remember . . .
Give a man a fish, he has food for a day,
Teach a man how to fish, he has food for a lifetime.
Chinese proverb
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New Lesson 1-1: Introduction to Curriculum
Reasons for Learning Epidemiology
1. Learn new ways to understand important, real world
questions about your health and the health of others
2. Gain knowledge to make more informed choices
about your personal health
3. Improve science literacy
o Research skills
o Reasoning skills
o Understanding of media reports
4. Be more empowered as a citizen in a democracy to
help make public health decisions
5. Find out more about other public health career paths
besides being a doctor or a nurse
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New Lesson 1-1: Introduction to Curriculum
Re-Cap
Big Ideas in Lesson 1-1
• Epidemiology is the study of
populations in order to determine the patterns and
causes of health and illness, and to be able to apply
the learned information to the control of health
problems Working definition for this class
• Students will learn about the science of epidemiology,
using examples from the epidemiology of the energy
balance equation (dietary- and exercise-related health
behaviors and effects) to understand the concepts and
methods of this public health science
• Students will have authentic epidemiology experiences by
“doing” epidemiology within their school setting
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New Lesson 1-1: Introduction to Curriculum