Transcript Slide 1

2005-06 National Family Health
Survey (NFHS-3)
HIV/AIDS:
Knowledge, Stigma,
and Behaviour
Contents
HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes,
and behaviour
Stigma and discrimination
Sexual behaviour
HIV testing
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Knowledge of AIDS among
Women and Men by Residence
Percent of women and men age 15-49
who have heard of AIDS
95
83
77
83
61
50
Women
Men
Urban
Rural
Total
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Trends in AIDS Knowledge
Percent of ever-married women age 15-49 who have heard of AIDS
81
70
57
46
40
30
Urban
Rural
NFHS-2
Total
NFHS-3
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
AIDS Knowledge by State: Women
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
AIDS Knowledge by State: Men
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Source of AIDS Knowledge among
Women and Men
Percent of women and men 15-49 who received information from
specific sources
37
Radio
55
80
80
Television
Cinema
5
12
27
Newspaper/magazine
11
Poster/hoarding
Health worker
32
Other sources
Women
6
Men
12
32
Friend/relative
School/teacher
52
44
8
9
14
19
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Knowledge of HIV Prevention Methods
Percent of women and men age 15-49 who know of HIV prevention
methods
70
73
45
36
Use condoms
Women
32
Limit sexual
intercourse to
one uninfected
partner
67
65
Use condoms
and limit sexual
intercourse to
one infected
partner
40
Abstain from
sexual
intercourse
Men
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
What is Comprehensive Knowledge?
Persons have comprehensive knowledge if they
know:
 That using a condom and having just one
uninfected partner limits the risk of getting
AIDS
AND
 That a healthy looking person can have AIDS
AND
 Reject the two most common misconceptions
about AIDS transmission (transmission by
mosquito bites and by sharing food)
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Comprehensive Knowledge among
Women and Men age 15-49
Percent
47
Women
Men
33
30
25
17
11
Urban
Rural
Total
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Comprehensive Knowledge and Knowledge
of a Condom Source among Youth
Men age 15-24
43
24
Percent who reject
three misconceptions
and know how to
prevent HIV/AIDS
85
Women age 15-24
36
46
20
Percent with
comprehensive
knowledge about
HIV/AIDS
Percent who know a
condom source
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Accepting Attitudes toward Those
Living with HIV/AIDS
Among those age 15-49 who
have heard of AIDS, percent
who:
Women
Are willing to care for a relative
with HIV/AIDS in own home
75
77
Would buy fresh vegetables
from a shopkeeper who has
60
63
Say that a female teacher who
has HIV/AIDS but is not sick
74
71
Would not want to keep secret
that a family member is
Express accepting attitudes on
all 4 indicators
Men
64
65
34
37
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Accepting Attitudes toward Those
Living with HIV/AIDS by State
Women
Percent who express accepting
attitudes on all four indicators
Men
70
59
56
54
53
49
46
41
41
36 37
36
33
28
41
37
33
28 29
26
27
37
34 35
33
33
33
16 26 28 29 29 29 29 30 30
14
16 17
P
12
A
M
G
TN
8
37
46
40 40 40
45 46 46 47
50 50
53 56
59
N
A
G
O
JK
K
E
A
R
M
Z
K
A
A
S
TR
G
J
SK
W
B
IN
PJ
M
H
U
P
R
J
B
H
M
P
H
P
U
T
H
R
JH
D
L
O
R
M
N
C
H
21
30
45 46
51
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Higher Risk Sex
 1 of every 500 women and 5 in every
100 men have had 2 or more sexual
partners in the past 12 months
 Among never-married women age 1549 who had sexual intercourse in the
last 12 months, 4 percent have had
more than one partner and 51 percent
have had higher-risk sex
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Higher Risk Sex (Contd.)
 Among never married men age 15-49
who reported sexual intercourse in the
past 12 months, 18 percent have had
more than one partner and 94 percent
have had higher-risk sex
 27% of never married women and 40%
of never married men who had higher
risk sex in the past 12 months used a
condom the last time they had sex.
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Paid Sex and Condom Use by Men
Men age 15-49
1.0
100
0.8
80
0.6
0.6%
62%
60
0.4
40
0.2
20
0.0
Paid for sexual
intercourse in last 12
months
0
Used a condom at
last paid sex
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Age at First Sexual Intercourse
among Youth
Women age 15-24
Men age 15-24
51
40
27
12
10
2
Percent who have
ever had sexual
intercourse
Percent who had
sexual intercourse
before age 15
Percent who had
sexual intercourse
before age 18
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Condom Use at First Sexual
Intercourse among Youth
Women
age 15-24
26
Men
age 15-24
15
11
4
Urban
2
3
Rural
Total
Urban
Rural
Total
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Most Recent Sex and Condom Use
 One in 100 never married young women and
12 % never married young men have ever had
sex.
 These percentages are 0.5% women and 7%
men for the 12 months preceding the survey
 37% of never married young men and 18% of
never married young women used a condom
the last time they had sex.
 Urban residents, those with 12 or more
complete years of education, and with regular
exposure to media are more likely to use a
condom during their most recent act of sex.
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI)
and STI Symptoms
Percent of women and men age 15-49 who have ever had sexual
intercourse reporting having STIs and STI symptoms
WOMEN
12
MEN
11
8
5
3
Urban Rural
Total
Urban Rural
5
Total
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Sexually Transmitted Infections
(STI) and STI Symptoms by States
Percent of women and men age 15-49 who have ever had sexual
intercourse, reporting having STIs and STI symptoms
25
23
Women
8 8 8
11 11 11 11
12
13
14
6
5 4
5 4 5
4
2
3
3
1
6
7
4
7
5 6
P
R
J
TR
B
H
M
P
A
S
5
10
U
7
17
15 15
11
H
U
T
K
E
IN
M
Z
G
J
W
B
JH
9
H
P
M
H
O
R
M
N
D
L
H
R
A
R
SK
PJ
A
K
A
A
P
N
A
M
G
TN
10
16
55
5
2 1 2 2 4 1
3
G
9
C
3
4 4 4
9 9
JK
2
3
4
9
Men
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Any HIV Testing Prior to NFHS-3
 Only 3% of women and 4% of men in India have ever
been tested for HIV
 Women and men in urban areas are more likely to
have been tested for their HIV status
 There is little variation across states in percent
tested.
 Range: From 1% in Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and
Meghalaya and a maximum of 14% among men in
Goa
 In Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Manipur, Andhra Pradesh,
Maharashtra, and Mizoram 5-9% of both women and
men have ever been tested
 The percentage tested is higher among sexually
active youth: 3 % than men 1 %
Priority Issues for NACP
• AIDS awareness has increased but still
two-fifths of women have never heard of
AIDS
• Low comprehensive awareness among
women and men requires a strategic
change in awareness programme
• A change in priorities is essential but the
focus should continue on prevention and
control
• Stigma and denial are major barriers to
increasing coverage of HIV testing
Photo: Relative Media
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06