Transcript Slide 1

Chemical (Industrial)
Disasters : On-Site
Emergency
Response
Surendra Kumar
Consultant, FICCI and Core Group MemberNational Disaster Management Guidelines :
Chemical (Industrial) Disasters
Framework
Objectives and Legal Framework
 Building Blocks of On-Site Response
 Dynamic On Site Emergency Plans
Training, Testing, Analysis and
Improvement…. NDMG- CDM
 Recommendations
Framework
Objectives and Legal Framework
Building Blocks of On-Site Response
 Dynamic On Site Emergency Plans
Training, Testing, Analysis and
Improvement…. NDMG- CDM
 Recommendations
Objectives
• On-Site Response : Most important component of CDM
– Spells out industry initiatives and policy decisions on
safety tolerances – striving for zero accident
Prepared with the help of hazard and operability studies
for design, technology, siting process, P&I and other
safety enumerates
• To carve out measures and steps for continued safety
and security of all stakeholders including employees
and neighborhood
• Response should deliver on prevention, preparedness
and mitigation as management ethos to contain all toxic
releases within controllable approaches
Shift in Approach
(Prior to NDMG- CDM)
On-Site Plan
On-Site
Plan
(Preventive)
On-Site
Plan
(Preparedness)
On- Site
Emergency Plan
(Transportation /
Piping )
Designs/ Security
Measures
(from a day of thought)
Emergency
Response (including
Medical Response)
On-site Plan transported hazchem
emergencies
Main Priority- Emergency Response
Shift in Approach
(After NDMG- CDM)
On-Site Plan
On-Site
Plan
(Preventive)
On-Site
Plan
(Preparedness)
On- Site
Emergency Plan
(Transportation /
Piping )
Designs/ Security
Measures
(from a day of thought)
Emergency
Response (including
Medical Response)
On-site Plan transported hazchem
emergencies
Main Priority- Prevention / Preparedness – Zero Tolerance
Legal Framework
• Environment Protection Act 1986
– MSIHC Rules 1989
• On-Site Plan
• Off-Site Plan
• CA (EPPR) Rules 1996
• Mock Drills Mandatory at defined interval
• Factory Act and Rules
• Compliance : ‘On Site’ plans in place of only 1628 MAH
Units/ 1666 MAH units . 38 MAH Units not even have ‘On Site’
Plans
Framework
Objectives and Legal Framework
 Building Blocks of On-Site Response
Dynamic On Site Emergency PlansTraining, Testing, Analysis and
Improvement…. NDMG- CDM
 Recommendations
Building Blocks for On-Site
Response Plans
Dissemination of
Information- Press
and Electronic
Medias
Emergency
Functionaries -District,
Fire , Police, Health,
Transportation
Communication- PA,
Walkie/talkie, Mobiles
Safety Auditing- Monthly, Yearly,
Daily Exception
Testing/ Auditing: Radiography,
Hydraulic Testing and Thickness Survey
Post Commissioning HAZOP/HAZAN
Pre Commissioning HAZOP/HAZAN
DISPERSION CONTOUR
SUPERIMPOSITION ON LOCATION MAP
• Without Plant Safety / Neutralization Measures
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Tank rupture release
Releases in vapour or liquid form
Corresponding IDLH / STEL Distances
Expected Population Affected
• With Plant Safety / Neutralization Measures
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Tank rupture release
Releases in vapour or liquid form
Neutralization Measures
Corresponding IDLH / STEL Distances - NIL
Expected Population Affected -NIL
Emergency Control Plan- On-Site
• Emergency Situation- Leak (Detectors)
• Alarms (Level 1, 2 and 3)
• All Clear Signal
• Meteorological Situation (wind socks, anemometer)
• Emergency Control Centers (2 in perpendicular directions)
• Ambulance Routes for Medical Aids (2 (in perpendicular
section)
• Safe Assembly Points (at different locations based on
micrometeorology with emergency exits)
• Transportation and evacuation system in place
Framework
Objectives and Legal Framework
 Building Blocks of On-Site Response
 Dynamic On Site Emergency Plans
Training, Testing, Analysis and
Improvement…. NDMG- CDM
 Recommendations
Dynamic On Site Emergency Plans- ….
NDMG- CDM
• Plant Emergency Organisation
– Designated person in charge/alternates.
– Functions of each key individual and group.
– Telephone numbers (office and home) for key people/alternates.
• Plant Risk Evaluation/Information on Preliminary Hazard
Analysis
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Quantity of HAZMATs.
Location of HAZMATs.
Properties of each (MSDS sheets).
Location of isolation valves.
Special fire-fighting procedures (if any).
Special handling requirements.
Type of accidents.
System elements or events that can lead to a MAH
Safety relevant components.
Dynamic On Site Emergency Plans- ….
NDMG- CDM
• Details about the site
• Location of dangerous substances.
• Seat of key personnel.
• Emergency control room.
• Description of HAZCHEM at the plant site
• Chemicals (quantities and toxicological data).
• Transformation if any, which could occur.
• Purity of HAZCHEM.
• Likely dangers to the plant
• Enumerate effects of
• Stress and strain caused during normal operation.
• Fire and explosion inside the plant and effect if any, of fire and
explosion outside.
Dynamic On Site Emergency Plans- ….
NDMG- CDM
Details regarding
– Warning alarm and safety and security.
– Alarm and hazard control plans in line with disaster control planning, ensuring
the necessary technical and organisational precautions.
– Reliable measuring instruments, control units and servicing of such
equipment.
– Precautions in designing of the foundation and load bearing parts of the
building.
– Continuous surveillance of operations.
– Maintenance and repair work according to the generally recognised rules of
good engineering practises.
– Details of communication facilities available during emergency and those
required for an Off-Site emergency.
– Details of fire fighting and other facilities available and those required for an
Off-Site emergency.
– Details of first aid and hospital services available and its adequacy.
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External organisation if involved in assisting during an On-Site
emergency
• Type of accidents.
• Responsibility assigned.
Dynamic On Site Emergency Plans- ….
NDMG- CDM
Area Risk Evaluation
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Properties of HAZMAT at nearby plants.
Population clusters nearby.
Contacts (names, telephone numbers) at other sites.
Established procedures for notification of chemical release at other
sites in area.
Notification Procedures and Communication Systems
– Alarm systems.
– Communication equipment (radios, hot lines, etc.) plant
management, local officials and response agencies, neighbouring
industries, nearby residents.
– Names and telephone numbers (with alternates) list.
– Designated person for media contacts.
– Procedure for notifying families of injured employees.
– Central reporting office.
Dynamic On Site Emergency Plans- ….
NDMG- CDM
Emergency Equipment and Facilities
– Fire-fighting equipment.
– Emergency medical supplies.
– Toxic gas detectors (where needed).
– Wind direction/speed indicators.
– Self-contained breathing apparatus.
– Protective clothing.
– Other On-Site equipment to be specified according to
local conditions.
– Containment capabilities.
Dynamic On Site Emergency Plans- ….
NDMG- CDM
Training and Drills
– Knowledge of chemicals (properties, toxicity, etc.).
Procedures for reporting emergencies.
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Knowledge of alarm systems.
Location of fire-fighting equipment.
Use of fire-fighting equipment.
Use of protective equipment (respirators, breathing air,
clothing, etc.).
– Decontamination procedures for protective clothing and
equipment.
– Evacuation procedures.
– Frequent, documented simulated emergencies.
Dynamic On Site Emergency Plans- ….
NDMG- CDM
Regular Tests of Emergency Organisation/Procedures
– Simulated emergencies.
– Documented, frequent alarm system.
– Frequent tests of fire-fighting equipment.
– Evacuation practice.
– On-going emergency preparedness committee.
Plan Updates
– Annual or more frequent if needed.
– Reflect results of drills and tests.
Dynamic On Site Emergency Plans- ….
NDMG- CDM
Emergency Response Procedures
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Communications.
Evacuation or safe haven.
Medical (include handling of multiple injuries).
Special procedures for toxic gas releases (chlorine, etc.).
Hurricane procedures (coastal area only).
Utility failure procedures.
Individual unit emergency procedures.
Bomb threat procedures.
Detailed Operating Manuals (for each process unit and utility
system)
– Start-up/shutdown emergency procedures.
– Analysis of potential incidents.
– Emergency response and action to be taken for each incident.
Dynamic On Site Emergency Plans- ….
NDMG- CDM
Established Emergency Response Durations
– Sounding of alert level III (for Off-Site emergency).
– Communication to control room—wind speed and direction and for recorded
message transmission to nearby community through public address system.
– Actuation of stand-by systems.
– Hotline/communication to first responders—the police and fire brigade.
– Mobilisation of internal resources.
– Affected plant/system stoppage.
– Replacement of operation staff with other plant/unit personnel.
– Fire tender/ambulance.
– Employees and visitors shifting to assembly points.
– Energising fire hydrant/foam or other specified protection system.
– Isolating the leaky area.
– Emergency crew repairing/isolating leakages.
Procedure for Returning to Normal Operations
– Interface and lines of communications with Off-Site officials.
All clear siren or in case of aggravation of emergency—initiation of full scale Off-Site measures including
broadcast, evacuation, diversion of all types of traffic etc. and full scale operation of medical emergency system
Information for use in the Off-site Emergency Plan
This is a section in the On-Site emergency plan for use in the Off-Site emergency plan.
• Summary of risk analysis, vulnerability zone for those scenarios
which can escalate into off-site emergencies.
• List of resources required to handle the off-site emergencies
foreseen in the On-Site plan, their assessment of the adequacy
and prompt full scale availability (establishment of response
time), route/alternate route clearance, diversion/stoppage of
traffic on mobilisation routes.
• If own resources (such as equipment, trained man-power,
medical help etc.) are not adequate to meet such off-site
emergencies, to clarify the arrangement (formal or informal)
made to obtain the additional resources (e.g., mutual aid or
arrangement with the public response agencies) mentioning the
salient terms of such arrangements.
Information for use in the Off-site Emergency Plan
This is a section in the On-Site emergency plan for use in the Off-Site emergency plan.
Organisations involved (including key personnel) and responsibilities and
liaison arrangements between them.
– Information about the site including likely locations of dangerous substances,
personnel and emergency control rooms.
– Technical information such as chemical and physical characteristics and dangers of
the substances and plant.
– Identify the facilities and transport routes.
– Contact for further advice e.g., meteorological information, transport, temporary food
and accommodation, first aid and hospital services, water and agricultural
authorities.
– Communication links including telephones, radios and standby methods.
– Special equipment including fire-fighting materials, damage control and repair items.
– Details of emergency response procedures.
– Notify the public.
– Evacuation arrangements.
– Arrangements for dealing with the press and other media interests.
– Longer term clean up.
Information for use in the Off-site Emergency Plan
This is a section in the On-Site emergency plan for use in the Off-Site emergency plan
• What resources can be spared by the industrial unit for use in
the Off-Site emergency arising out of On-Site emergencies of
other units and what is the arrangement for releasing such
resources?
• How has the community awareness programme been planned?
How has the community been identified (from which zone/part
or full vulnerability zone based on well established windroses)? Have the key opinion makers who can play an active
role been identified? (Give list along with their contact details).
Has the selection of the community or that of key persons in
the community beendone in consultation with the district
authority, etc.?
Information for use in the Off-site Emergency Plan
This is a section in the On-Site emergency plan for use in the Off-Site emergency plan
• Has insurance under the Public Liability
Insurance Act been obtained? Give summary.
• Designate a contact person who would be
authorised to coordinate for the Off-Site plan
and his contact details.
• Technical team (chemical-wise) in case of an Off-Site
emergency that has taken place due to escalation of an OnSite incident, contact details of its members.
Structuring of On/Off-Site Planning
Prob of leak
Overlapping
Zone
INDUSTRY
Stakeholder/
Existing
system
Safe Zone
On-Site
System needs
to be
added/up
graded
Off-Site
WORKING AREA
To make this area less
hazardous
• Coordination between blue dots
• Capacity Building of violet dots
• Safety of both zones
• Pooling of resources from safe zone to vulnerable
zone
• Education, Training for all
• Building up an Institutional and Infrastructural Frame
work
Structuring of On/Off-Site Planning
Coordination
Strengthened
Area
INDUSTRY
On-Site
Safe Zone
Pooling of
Resources
Off-Site
Strengthened Area during long- term plan
Less Hazardous AREA
Framework
Objectives and Legal Framework
 Building Blocks of On-Site Response
 Dynamic On Site Emergency Plans
Training, Testing, Analysis and
Improvement…. NDMG- CDM
 Recommendations
Recommendations
• Re-update your On-Site plans based on the National Disaster
Management
GuidelinesChemical
(Industrial)
Disaster
Management
• Revisit the worst case scenarios in the presence of increased
threats – include security aspects also
• Development of effective linkages with Off-Site Plans and
Responders
• Conduction of regular mock drills in the presence of neutral
observers and regular reporting of the implementation of lessons
learnt from these drills to the respective authorities constituted in the
aftermath of Disaster Management Act, 2005
• Proactive involvement of Industry to validate the practical
applicability of their On-Site Plans by different management
authorities or neutral consultants/ organization involved in this
task……….. Accreditation mechanism