Transcript Childhood Development

Childhood Development
The First Two Years
APGAR
• Virginia Apgar invented the Apgar score in 1952 as a
simple and replicable method to quickly and summarily
assess the health of newborn children immediately
after birth.
• the Apgar scale is determined by evaluating the
newborn baby on five simple criteria on a scale from
zero to two, then summing up the five values thus
obtained. The resulting Apgar score ranges from zero
to 10. The five criteria are summarized using words
chosen to form a backronym (Appearance, Pulse,
Grimace, Activity, Respiration).
Infant Reflexes
• Survival
– Breathing: Maintain adequate supply of oxygen
– Sucking: Fosters Feeding
– Rooting: Helps find food source, Turns head when
cheek is brushed
Infant Reflexes
• Non Survival
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Babinski: toes flare when foot is stroked
Stepping: When feet touch surface move legs as if walking
Swimming: Held on stomachs their arms and legs stretch out
Grasping: When something touches their palm they will grab it
Moro: When you bang the table that they are lying on they will
fling out their arms and then bring them in as if to hold onto
something. They may also cry or open their eyes wide.
– Fencing (Tonic Neck Reflex): Turn their head to the side the arm
on that side will point out and the opposite arm will bend above
their head.
Sensory
• Vision
– Least developed
– Focus on images 4-30 inches away
• (some controversy over this)
– Both eyes working together at about 14 weeks
• Hearing
– Is quite attuned by 1 month
– Can perceive differences of familiar sounds
• Taste & Smell
– Little less developed than hearing
– But at 2 hours old can tell the difference between tastes
• Social Smile
Emotional
– 6 months – A smile in response to another smile
• Fear of Strangers
– First noticeable at 6 months
– Full Blown at 12 months
• Separation Anxiety
– Emerges at 6-8 months
– Fear of being left alone
• Social Refrencing
– By 10 months look to trusted adults for emotional cues in
uncertain situations
• Self-Awareness
– The development of me and thine
– Allows for the emotions such as guilt, shame, pride