Transcript Chapter One

 Problem:
a discrepancy between the
current state – what actually is
happening – and a desired goal – what
should be happening
 Undesirable
situation
 Desired situation
 Obstacles to change
 Problem
solving: everything a group
uses to move from its current state to
the desired goal
9-2
Decision-making:
the act of
choosing among available
alternatives
Area of freedom: the amount of
authority and limitations the
group has
9-3
Task
difficulty
Number of possible solutions
Group interest in solving
problem
Member knowledge of problem
Level of acceptance of solution
9-4
Central
question of the
problem facing the group
Avoid either-or questions
Word question concretely
Avoid suggesting answer
9-5
Step
1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
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–
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–
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Describe the Problem
Generate Solutions
Evaluate Solutions
Decision Making
Decision Implementing
9-6
P-MOPS
Describing the Problem
Understand
the charge
(assignment)
State question clearly
Look at problem before discussing
solutions
Make outline & schedule
Summarize problem
Spotlight key issues
9-7
P-MOPS
Generate Solutions
Avoid
“group communication
flaw” (closing down discussion
too soon)
ALL members must be active
participants
9-8
P-MOPS
Evaluate Solutions
Create
criteria (standards &
guidelines) for evaluation
Narrow list of solutions
 Combine
similar ideas
 Allow each member to vote on top 3
Chart
pros & cons
Use technology to help if available
9-9
P-MOPS
Choose Best Solution
Stages
of decision-making
Orientation stage
Conflict stage
Decision emergence stage
Reinforcement stage
9-10
P-MOPS
Choose Best Solution, 2
 Methods
of decision-making
By group leader
 By consultation
 Voting
 Consensus

 Test
solution using RISK
Identify risks or problems
 Post evaluations on chart
 Circulate master list of risks to members
 Discuss list; retain serious problems

9-11
P-MOPS
Implement a Solution
Questions
to ask:
 Who
will do what, when, & how?
 How will we write & present
report?
 How to word motion, and who
speaks in favor?
 What follow-up will we conduct?
9-12
P-MOPS
Implement a Solution, 2
Program
Evaluation & Review
(PERT)
 Describe
fully implemented solution
 List what must happen before goal achieved
 Develop flow diagram of procedure & steps
 List all needed activities, materials, people
 Estimate time needed to accomplish each
step
 Compare estimated time with deadline
 Determine who is responsible for what
9-13