Transcript Why use Plumtree at IWMI?

Multiple Use Water Systems for
Alleviating Water Poverty in the
Northeast Himalayas
Bharat Sharma
With contributions from
M V Riaz, D Pant, BP Bhatt, H Rahman
MUS Meeting
De Haagsche Kluis, The Hague, The Netherlands
22-23 November, 2010
Northeastern Himalayan
Region – India, Nepal
The
physical
settings
The
People
The
Place
Village Clans
•Ang
•Langsym
•Wang Nao
•Wangsa
•Khaman
•Naham
•Nyemam
•Wangsu
•Khanlau
•Tomkhu
•Wanglang
•Longnye
•Gamma
Percent distribution of rainfall in different states of
northeeastern region, India
Period
(quarter)
Arunachal Manipur Meghalay
(Guwahati Pradesh
(Imphal) a
)
(Basar)
(Barapani
)
Mizora
m
(Kolasib
)
Nagaland
Tripura
(Jharnapan (Lembucherr (Gangtok)
i)
a)
Dec.2.7
February
7.6
19.6
0.6
2.3
5.8
3.8
6.0
MarchMay
22.0
28.4
30.6
30.0
20.9
26.2
37.7
22.0
JuneAugust
54.9
44.9
43.4
29.0
58.7
53.2
43.0
40.0
Sept.Nov.
20.3
19.1
7.0
40.4
18.7
14.8
15.5
32.0
Total
rainfall
(mm)
2,416
2,125
2,170
2,459
1,139
1,294
1,588
3,067
Two extremes of water availability in the hills!!
Too Much Water !!!
Too Little Water !!!
Irrigated Area in the Northeastern States of India
State
Net Sown
Area
NIA
% Irrigated
area
Asom
2,774
140
5.0
Arun. Pra.
164
46
28.0
Manipur
215
48
22.3
Meghalaya
229
59
25.8
Mizoram
94
15
15.9
Nagaland
321
66
20.6
Sikkim
110
8
7.3
Tripura
280
61
21.8
NE Region
4,187
443
10.6
Jhum Cultivation in Northeastern Uplands……
Low productivity and continuous degradation…
Access to water is a serious issue and everyone must contribute…..
Water bottle
Project Hypothesis:
“Should the rural poor in the region use the
water and land resources more fully and surplus
food can be easily marketed, household incomes
would rise leading to save and invest in
agriculture and other economic activities on one
hand and to an increased demand for goods and
services not produced by the household on the
other. Should both these happen, the level of
the rural poor in the region would go an upward
ratchet.”
Major Objectives
• Generate and employ social and water poverty
maps.
• Design (and help in implementation of)
appropriate water harvesting and multiple
water use systems and assess their impacts
on livelihood security.
• Build capacity of consortium partners and
stakeholders.
Prevalence of Diseases in the Village
Water Poverty Index
For the construction of the Index, five components were identified:
•Resource: The physical availability of water supplied.
•Access: This implies access to water for household use.
•Capacity: Capacity implies the effectiveness of people's ability to
manage water.
•Use: The ways in which water is used for different purposes.
• Environment: Environmental integrity related to water and of
ecosystem goods and services from flora and fauna in the area.
Water Poverty Index (WPI) Composite Index Scores for each
cluster of the village Lempong Sheanghah, Mon, Nagaland
Cluster/ Colony
Resource
Access
Capacity
Use
Environment
WPI
0
0.310
0.393
0.113
0.968
0.349
Upper Colony
0.500
0.457
0.424
0.198
0.826
0.477
Middle Colony
0.833
0.479
0.414
0.172
0.909
0.546
Lower Colony
0.500
0.312
0.342
0.081
0.989
0.422
1.0
0.341
0.412
0.100
0.980
0.529
0.383
0.406
0.402
0.147
0.916
0.444
New side
Colony
New Upper
Colony
Lampong
Sheanghah
WPI Pentagram for the Study Villages in Nagaland
The “Access to Water Resource” Component has the most significant
impact on water poverty since the correlation coefficient of that
component (0.68) is the maximum among all the components. This
explicitly explains that it is not the resource per se, but the provision
of access to water resource which is most important for alleviating
water poverty. It is true even in so called ‘water abundant’ villages of
Nagaland and north east region.
The general conclusion that can be drawn from this study is that ‘Access’
and ‘Capacity’ are the two major factors contributing to water poverty in the
village of Lampong Sheanghah. In the two most water poor clusters ( Ching
Lan, Ching Chong) and the entire village as a whole, improving the per capita
income and the accessibility to water resource would lead to a much
improved Water Poverty Index and thus improved livelihoods.
Strategies to Improve Access for
Consumptive and Productive Use of Water:
Cross-Learning from other International
Experiences
Multiple Water Use Systems in Nepal Hills
Numerous small but precious water resources…
Remain largely untapped for consumptive and productive purposes.
Water harvesting……
Water Harvesting and
Utilisation………..
Defunct Drinking Water Projects Outnumber
the Functional Projects
Entry Point: The Homestead Gardens
Homesteads have the potential to provide
main nutrition and livelihoods to the families,
especially women if these are provided with
small but assured sources of water and
related inputs and some markets and thus
act as instruments for alleviating poverty.
And Meeting the Vital Drinking Water
Needs………
“MUS is small and small is beautiful.”
MUS Water Storages in the Study Village
Productive Use of the Harvested Water
with Simple Technologies
Outcomes
• Provides adequate domestic water
supply
• Time saved for women & girls in
water collection
• Improved health and use of toilets
• Increased veg. consumption (10-20%
of total production)
• Increased cropping intensity
• Increased annual income ($ 198)
• Income increases incentive and
ability to maintain the systems
• MUS enable density of micro
irrigation adoption and production
which facilitates development of
collection centers and local
service providers
“MUS is an entry point for empowering people.”
Improved Agriculture- Improved Livelihoods
•
Collection Centers:
• Key intervention to enable
access in remote and weak
markets
• PPP: MOAC/DOA, Local
Government, Smallholders,
VC actors,
• Collection centers are run by
entrepreneurs and cooperatives
• Develop crop calendars with
traders
• Provide TA, credit, and support
to smallholders
• Over 120 CC serving over
100,00 HHs (about 600,000
people)
Two Way: Interactive Learning
Conclusions
•
MUS has benefited users in terms of availability of
water both in terms of quality and quantity.
•
MUS has benefited the users' in terms of increased
income through vegetable farming.
•
MUS has helped in improving water productivity
through intensive use of available water.
•
Upscaling of mus through improved technology to
cover more areas needs to be explored. This has been
achieved to some extent by integrating the drinking
water and homestead gardens’ (+livestock) supply
schemes.
Thank you!!